Designing IP Addressing and Selecting Routing Protocols Part 1

Oct 11, 2026 12:48 · 58:10 · English · Whisper Turbo · 7 Konuşmacılar
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Hi, hello there.
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Welcome to designing IP addressing and selecting routing protocols.
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This video lecture begins
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with a discussion of the design of an IP address
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or IPB4 addressing scheme.
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It continues with an introduction to IPv6 or
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IPv6 and a discussion of IPv4
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to IPv6 migration strategies.
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Afterwards,
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It describes considerations for selecting the most appropriate network routing
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protocol.
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First,
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routing protocol features are discussed,
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followed by a description of various routing protocols appropriate
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for the enterprise use.
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The video discusses why certain protocols are suitable
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for specific modules in the enterprise architecture.
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It concludes with a description.
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of some advanced routing protocol deployment features,
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including redistribution,
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filtering,
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and summarization.
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Let's get started.
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Designing IP Addressing.
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Designing
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an IP Addressing Plan.
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This section explores private and public address
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types, how to determine the size of the network in relation
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to addressing plan,
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and how to plan an IP addressing hierarchy.
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This section concludes with a discussion of various IP address
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assignment and name resolution methods.
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Prerequisite
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knowledge.
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This includes IPB for address and mask structure,
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IPB for classes and CIDR or the CIDR,
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static addressing,
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dynamic addressing with DHCP,
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DNS,
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private and public addresses.
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the network address translation,
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and the port address translation,
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static network address translation,
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dynamic network address translation,
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and overloading.
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So these are the prerequisite topic prior to designing
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IP addressing.
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Private and public
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IPB4 addresses.
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Recall from the previous video that IPB4
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or IP address space is divided into public and
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private spaces.
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That is for IPv4 and IPv6.
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Private addresses are reserved IP addresses that
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are used to implement within the company's
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network.
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So that is used internally within the organization's
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network, not on the internet.
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Private addresses must therefore be mapped to
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company's external registered addresses when sending anything on
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the internet.
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Public IP addresses are provided for external communication.
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The figure illustrates the use of
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private and public addresses in the network.
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So what are the guidelines for the use of private and public addresses
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in the enterprise network?
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Now as shown here in the figure,
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the typical enterprise network uses both private
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and public IP addresses.
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So private IP addresses are used throughout the enterprise campus.
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Also on the enterprise
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branch and enterprise teleworker modules.
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The following modules include public
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addresses.
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You've got the internet connectivity where
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public IP addresses are used for internet
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connections and publicly accessible servers.
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You also have that on e -commerce module.
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where public IP addresses are used for the database,
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application,
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and web servers.
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The remote access and virtual private network
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or VPN module,
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the enterprise data center module,
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and the one in the metropolitan area network or MAN and
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the site -to -site VPN module,
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where public IP addresses are used for certain connections.
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Network
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size and IP addressing planning.
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So determining the size of the network.
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So the first step in designing an IP addressing plan
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is determining the size of the network
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to establish how many IP subnets and how many IP addresses
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are needed on each subnet.
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So to gather this information.
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we need to answer the following questions here.
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First,
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how many locations does the network consists of?
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The designer must determine the number and type of
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locations.
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Next would be how many devices in each
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location needs addresses.
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The network designer must determine the
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number of devices that need to be addressed,
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including end systems,
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router interfaces,
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switches,
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firewall interfaces,
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and any other devices.
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Next would be,
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what are the IP addressing requirements for individual locations?
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So the designer must collect information about which
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system will use dynamic addressing,
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which will use static addresses,
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and which systems can use private instead of
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public addresses.
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Next would be what subnet size is appropriate.
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Based on the collected information about the number of networks
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and planned switch deployment,
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the designer estimates the appropriate subnet size.
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For example,
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deploying a 48 -port switches would mean that
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subnets with 64 host addresses would be appropriate,
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assuming one device per port.
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Determining the network topology.
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Initially,
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the designer should acquire a general picture of the network topology.
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This will help determine the correct information together about network
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size and its relation to the IP addressing plan.
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With this general network topology information,
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the designer determines the number of locations,
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location types,
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and their correlations.
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The network location information for the topology shown in the figure is
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shown in the table on the next slide.
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So basically,
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this includes the size of individual locations.
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So the network size in terms of the IP addressing
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plan relates to the number of devices and interfaces that needs
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an IP addresses.
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To establish the overall network size
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in a simplistic way,
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The designer determines the appropriate number of workstations,
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servers,
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the IP phones,
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router interfaces,
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switch management,
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and layer 3 interfaces.
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This also includes firewall interfaces or
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the other network devices at each location.
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Now,
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this estimate provides the minimum overall number of IP addresses that
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are needed for the network.
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So the table provides an IP addresses requirements by location
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for the topology shown in the figure from the previous slides.
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So some additional addresses should
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be reserved to allow for seamless potential network growth.
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The commonly suggested reserve is 20 % for the
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main and regional offices and 10 % for
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remote offices.
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However, this can vary from case to case.
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The designers should carefully discuss future network growth with
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the organization's representative to obtain a more precise estimate
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of the required resources.
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Planning the
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IP addressing hierarchy.
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So the IP addressing hierarchy influences network
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routing.
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This section describes IP addressing hierarchy and
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how it reduces routing overhead.
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This section discusses
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the issues that influence the IP addressing plan,
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and the routing protocol choice including summarization,
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fixed length subnet masking or the FLSM,
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variable length subnet masking or the VLSM,
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and a classful and classless routing protocols.
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So benefits of hierarchical addressing.
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So a network designer decides how to implement the
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IP addressing hierarchy based on the network's size,
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geography,
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and topology.
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In a large network,
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hierarchy within the IP addressing plan is mandatory for
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a stable network,
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including stable routing tables.
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For the following reason,
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a planned hierarchical IP addressing structure
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with room for growth is recommended for networks of
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all sizes so this includes influence
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of ip addressing on routing okay
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so an ip addressing plan influences the networks over
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routing.
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Before allocating blocks of IP addresses to various
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parts of the network and assigning IP addresses to devices,
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consider the criteria for an appropriate and effective IP
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addressing scheme.
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So routing stability,
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service availability,
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network scalability,
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and modularity are some of the crucial and preferred network characteristics that
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are directly affected by IP address allocation and
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deployment.
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So the next one would be the modular design and scalable solutions.
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So whether building a new network or adding
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a new service on top of the existing infrastructure,
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a modular design helps to deliver a long
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-term scalable solution.
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So IP addressing modularity allows the aggregation
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of routing information on hierarchical basis.
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Next would be route aggregation.
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So route aggregation is used to reduce the routing overhead and
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improve routing stability and scalability.
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So however,
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to implement route aggregation,
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a designer must be able to divide the network into contiguous
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IP address areas and must have a solid
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understanding of IP address assignment,
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route aggregation,
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and hierarchical routing.
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So also,
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there is a summarization groups.
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So to reduce the routing overhead in a large network,
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a multi -level hierarchy might be required.
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The depth of the hierarchy depends on the network size
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and the size of the highest level summarization group.
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So the figure here shows an example of network
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hierarchy.
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So a typical organization has
11:53
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up to three levels of the hierarchy.
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So the first level
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The network locations typically represented the first level of the hierarchy
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in the enterprise network.
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So each location is typically represents
12:08
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a group of summarized subnets known as summarization
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group.
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So the second level,
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okay,
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so a second level of hierarchy can be done within the first level
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summarization group.
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For example,
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A large location can be divided into smaller summarization groups that
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represents the buildings or cities within that location.
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Not all first level summarization groups
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require a second level of the hierarchy.
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And you've got
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also the third level.
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So to further minimize the potential routing overhead and instability,
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a third level of the hierarchy can exist within the second
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level summarization group.
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So for example,
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sections or floors within the individual buildings
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can represent the third summarization group.
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So
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route summarization groups.
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So what are the impact of poorly designed IP addressing?
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So a poorly designed IP addressing scheme usually
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results in IP addresses that are randomly
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assigned on as needed basis.
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In this case,
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the IP addresses are most likely dispersed through
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the network with no thought as to whether they can be grouped
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or summarized.
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A poor design provides no opportunity for
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dividing the network into contiguous areas.
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And therefore,
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no means of implementing route summarization.
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Now the benefits of route aggregations.
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Implementing a route aggregation on border routers
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between contiguously addressed areas controls the routing
14:05
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table size.
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So let's
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have an example of the hierarchical IP addressing
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and summarization plan.
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Now recall that the number of available
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host addresses on a subnet is calculated by the formula
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2 raised to H.
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okay or any variable minus two okay so where h
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is the number of host bits okay so the number of bits set
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to zero in the subnet mask so
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the first two columns in the table shows the location and
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the number of ip addresses required at each location for
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the sample network so the third column in this table is
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the next higher or the next highest power of two from
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the required
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number of addresses this value is used to calculate the
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required number of host bits okay and then assuming
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that the class b address for instance 172 .16 .0 .0
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.16 is used to address this network so you
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might have the fifth column okay illustrate sample address blocks
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allocated to each location
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Okay, so basically,
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if the San Francisco campus requires 1 ,290,
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so you won't be getting an exact 1 ,290.
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So based on our formula,
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2 raised to H,
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that would yield to 2 ,048.
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So if you need 441,
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that would yield to 512.
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Okay,
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and then if you need 21,
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so you could get 64 there,
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of course,
15:51
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with the consideration of the future growth.
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All right, so this is a complete address
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block by location for San Francisco campus.
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So using the 172 .16 .0 .0 address
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block, that is a class B network.
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And after the careful planning for
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the redistribution of IP addresses,
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so we have come up with this assignment of
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IP addresses per location.
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Okay, so there are online tools that you can use to
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come up with this type of table.
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Okay,
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so you don't have to manually compute the number
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of hosts needed and of course the
16:43
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division of the addresses within the block.
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You just have to use that application.
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You can go ahead and search that on the internet.
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Okay,
16:54
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so another example is the hierarchical IP addressing plan.
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So take note that from the topology that we have,
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so basically that comprises of the San Francisco campus,
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the Denver region,
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and the Houston region.
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So summarization point basically is on
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the edge network.
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So if it is on the Denver region,
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so that happens on the router connected to San Francisco campus.
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So details of routing remain within the area,
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simplifying routing tables and reducing processing time.
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So if you want to know more about this
17:35
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IP addressing scheme,
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you can go ahead and check the videos or
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the provided videos.
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Okay.
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Or the supplementary videos.
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All right.
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So next would be.
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So on the summarization point,
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only summarized route,
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for instance,
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172 .16 .8 .0 .22 is
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propagated on the rest of the network.
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So basically,
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it will not propagate addresses
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within the block.
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So it has to be summarized at some point in the network to simplify
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and to minimize the use of the resources.
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So for the main campus,
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2 ,048 addresses are allocated.
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So, 11 host bits are required.
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Now,
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this subnet is further divided into smaller subnets supporting
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floors or wiring closets.
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Now,
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for the Denver region,
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1 ,024 addresses are allocated.
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10 host bits are required.
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Now,
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this address block is further divided into smaller subnets supporting
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buildings, floors,
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or wiring closets.
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So that's how you plan distribution of IP addresses within
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the network.
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And similarly,
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for the Houston region,
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so there are about 1 ,024 addresses which
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are also allocated and further subdivided as shown
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in the table from the previous slide.
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So on this table here,
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you've got Houston.
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Now this
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figure illustrates one of the links in the Denver region
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going down and how summarization is performed
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to reduce the routing update or the traffic generated
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by those routing updates.
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Managing IP
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addresses.
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So there are a lot of ways on how to manage IP
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addresses.
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includes using DHCP in the enterprise,
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using DNS in the enterprise,
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and of course,
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using the network address translation on the enterprise.
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Now,
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using DHCP to assign an IP addresses.
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DHCP or dynamic host configuration protocol is used to
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provide dynamic IP address allocation to hosts.
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So DHCP uses a client -server model.
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The DHCP server can be Windows Server,
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a Unix -based server,
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or it could be a Cisco IOS device.
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So Cisco IOS devices can also be DHCP
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relay agents and DHCP clients.
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Now,
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using the DNS or the domain name system for name resolution,
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so to resolve symbolic names to actual network
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addresses,
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applications use resolver or
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the name resolver programs,
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which are usually part of the host operating system.
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An application sends a query.
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to a name resolver that resolves the request with either
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the local database host file or the dns server now
20:59
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when numerous hosts or names must be resolved to ip
21:03
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addresses statically defined resolution in hosts are
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widely to maintain okay so to
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ease this process dns is used for name resolution
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So DNS is a client -server mechanism used to
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access a distributed database providing address -to -name resolution.
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So a DNS server is a special software
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that usually resides on a dedicated hardware.
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So DNS servers are organized in hierarchical
21:37
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structure.
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A DNS server can query other DNS servers to
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retrieve partial resolutions for a certain name,
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for example.
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One DNS server could resolve say Cisco .com
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and another could resolve www.
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So next would be the
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use of the network address translation or not.
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This is a process in which one or more local
22:04
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IP addresses is translated into one or more global
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IP addresses and vice versa in order to provide
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internet access to the local hosts.
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Now recommended practices for IP address assignment.
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So we have the method here is either you assigned
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it statically or you assigned it dynamically.
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So strategic address assignment.
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So infrastructure devices such as routers and switches should
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be given a static IP assignment.
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Now for the HCP,
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of course,
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the end user devices.
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Just like,
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for instance, if you are providing a free Wi -Fi access to the end users,
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so we could put it in a DHCP
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or dynamic assignment.
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Okay.
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Now,
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number of end user devices.
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So,
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well, for static,
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it could be up to 30 end user devices.
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So, if it is more than 30,
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then it is recommended to use DHCP.
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So,
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it's very hard to manually assign an IP address on multiple devices.
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Now,
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renumbering criteria requires manual reconfiguration
23:24
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for all the hosts.
23:26
S… Speaker 1 (Designing IP Addressing and Selecting Routing Protocols Part 1)
Whereas for DHCP,
23:29
S… Speaker 1 (Designing IP Addressing and Selecting Routing Protocols Part 1)
only DHCP server reconfiguration is needed.
23:32
S… Speaker 1 (Designing IP Addressing and Selecting Routing Protocols Part 1)
So address tracking,
23:35
S… Speaker 1 (Designing IP Addressing and Selecting Routing Protocols Part 1)
so it's easy address tracking for the static.
23:38
S… Speaker 1 (Designing IP Addressing and Selecting Routing Protocols Part 1)
Whereas for dynamic,
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S… Speaker 1 (Designing IP Addressing and Selecting Routing Protocols Part 1)
it requires additional DHCP server configuration.
23:42
S… Speaker 4 (Designing IP Addressing and Selecting Routing Protocols Part 1)
Now,
23:44
S… Speaker 1 (Designing IP Addressing and Selecting Routing Protocols Part 1)
additional parameters,
23:45
S… Speaker 1 (Designing IP Addressing and Selecting Routing Protocols Part 1)
manual configurations of all hosts are required.
23:50
S… Speaker 1 (Designing IP Addressing and Selecting Routing Protocols Part 1)
Now, for DHCP,
23:51
S… Speaker 1 (Designing IP Addressing and Selecting Routing Protocols Part 1)
only DHCP server needs to be configured.
23:54
S… Speaker 4 (Designing IP Addressing and Selecting Routing Protocols Part 1)
Now,
23:55
S… Speaker 1 (Designing IP Addressing and Selecting Routing Protocols Part 1)
for high availability,
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S… Speaker 1 (Designing IP Addressing and Selecting Routing Protocols Part 1)
IP addresses are available at any time.
24:00
S… Speaker 1 (Designing IP Addressing and Selecting Routing Protocols Part 1)
For DHCP,
24:02
S… Speaker 1 (Designing IP Addressing and Selecting Routing Protocols Part 1)
so redundant DHCP server is required.
24:06
S… Speaker 4 (Designing IP Addressing and Selecting Routing Protocols Part 1)
Now,
24:07
S… Speaker 1 (Designing IP Addressing and Selecting Routing Protocols Part 1)
for security concerns,
24:08
S… Speaker 3 (Designing IP Addressing and Selecting Routing Protocols Part 1)
well,
24:10
S… Speaker 1 (Designing IP Addressing and Selecting Routing Protocols Part 1)
we've got minor security risk for the static assignment.
24:14
S… Speaker 1 (Designing IP Addressing and Selecting Routing Protocols Part 1)
And then for...
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S… Speaker 1 (Designing IP Addressing and Selecting Routing Protocols Part 1)
Dynamic.
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S… Speaker 1 (Designing IP Addressing and Selecting Routing Protocols Part 1)
So any device gets an IP address.
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S… Speaker 3 (Designing IP Addressing and Selecting Routing Protocols Part 1)
All right.
24:24
S… Speaker 5 (Designing IP Addressing and Selecting Routing Protocols Part 1)
Okay.
24:27
S… Speaker 1 (Designing IP Addressing and Selecting Routing Protocols Part 1)
So let's have an IP assignment or IP address assignment
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S… Speaker 1 (Designing IP Addressing and Selecting Routing Protocols Part 1)
methods in an enterprise network.
24:33
S… Speaker 1 (Designing IP Addressing and Selecting Routing Protocols Part 1)
So what are the guidelines for assigning
24:37
S… Speaker 1 (Designing IP Addressing and Selecting Routing Protocols Part 1)
IP addresses in the enterprise network?
24:39
S… Speaker 1 (Designing IP Addressing and Selecting Routing Protocols Part 1)
So the typical enterprise network uses both static and
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S… Speaker 1 (Designing IP Addressing and Selecting Routing Protocols Part 1)
dynamic addresses assignment methods.
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S… Speaker 1 (Designing IP Addressing and Selecting Routing Protocols Part 1)
So as shown here in the figure.
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S… Speaker 1 (Designing IP Addressing and Selecting Routing Protocols Part 1)
The static IP address assignment method is typically used for
24:53
S… Speaker 1 (Designing IP Addressing and Selecting Routing Protocols Part 1)
campus network infrastructure.
24:54
S… Speaker 3 (Designing IP Addressing and Selecting Routing Protocols Part 1)
Okay.
24:56
S… Speaker 1 (Designing IP Addressing and Selecting Routing Protocols Part 1)
And in all the modules.
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S… Speaker 1 (Designing IP Addressing and Selecting Routing Protocols Part 1)
of the enterprise edge,
25:01
S… Speaker 1 (Designing IP Addressing and Selecting Routing Protocols Part 1)
the e -commerce,
25:02
S… Speaker 1 (Designing IP Addressing and Selecting Routing Protocols Part 1)
the internet connectivity,
25:04
S… Speaker 1 (Designing IP Addressing and Selecting Routing Protocols Part 1)
the remote access and VPN,
25:05
S… Speaker 1 (Designing IP Addressing and Selecting Routing Protocols Part 1)
and the one -end man and site -to -site VPN modules.
25:09
S… Speaker 4 (Designing IP Addressing and Selecting Routing Protocols Part 1)
Now,
25:10
S… Speaker 1 (Designing IP Addressing and Selecting Routing Protocols Part 1)
static addresses are required for systems such as server or network
25:14
S… Speaker 1 (Designing IP Addressing and Selecting Routing Protocols Part 1)
devices in which the IP address must be known at all times
25:19
S… Speaker 1 (Designing IP Addressing and Selecting Routing Protocols Part 1)
for connectivity.
25:20
S… Speaker 1 (Designing IP Addressing and Selecting Routing Protocols Part 1)
So general access or management.
25:25
S… Speaker 1 (Designing IP Addressing and Selecting Routing Protocols Part 1)
So whenever you assign an IP address to the server or router interfaces
25:30
S… Speaker 1 (Designing IP Addressing and Selecting Routing Protocols Part 1)
or switches,

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