How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony

0:05

S… Speaker 2 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

Dawn had barely broken when the order came to row.

0:08

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

The sea was calm,

0:10

S… Speaker 2 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

almost peaceful,

0:11

S… Speaker 2 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

but every man on the galley knew that calm would not last.

0:15

S… Speaker 2 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

I tightened my grip on the oar and glanced across the water.

0:18

S… Speaker 2 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

The Venetian fleet stretched along the horizon,

0:21

S… Speaker 2 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

their banners bright against the morning sky.

0:23

S… Speaker 2 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

We had fought battles at sea before,

0:26

S… Speaker 2 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

steel against steel,

0:28

S… Speaker 2 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

arrows flying between ships,

0:29

S… Speaker 2 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

but today felt different.

0:32

S… Speaker 2 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

Our galleys carried heavy cannons,

0:34

S… Speaker 2 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

dark mouths waiting to roar.

0:36

S… Speaker 2 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

Then it began.

0:38

S… Speaker 2 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

A thunderclap split the air as the first cannon fired.

0:41

S… Speaker 2 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

Smoke rolled across the waves,

0:43

S… Speaker 2 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

and splinters tore from the enemy hull.

0:45

S… Speaker 2 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

Men shouted,

0:47

S… Speaker 2 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

drums pounded,

0:48

S… Speaker 2 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

and the sea filled with fire and chaos.

0:50

S… Speaker 2 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

They will remember this as the Battle of Zonkyo,

0:53

S… Speaker 2 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

but to me it was the moment the quiet sea turned into a storm

0:57

S… Speaker 2 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

of gunpowder and flames.

1:00

S… Speaker 2 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

With that war out of the way,

1:02

S… Speaker 2 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

I can guarantee you they used the time freed up to get back to a more important

1:06

S… Speaker 2 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

conflict, the endless massive boss battles and rewarding quests in our sponsor

1:10

S… Speaker 2 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

today, none other than Raid Shadow Legends.

1:12

S… Speaker 2 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

If you haven't started your adventure in Raid yet,

1:15

S… Speaker 2 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

then the good news is that they have been adding content for years and years and it's still

1:19

S… Speaker 2 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

all free to play.

1:20

S… Speaker 2 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

To make it less overwhelming to deal with it all,

1:22

S… Speaker 2 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

you can now start off with some solid champions to give you a viable party right from

1:26

S… Speaker 2 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

the beginning, courtesy of our special deal.

1:28

S… Speaker 2 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

first we'll give you the legendary champion harvest jack a crowd control and anti

1:33

S… Speaker 2 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

-buff master then at level 15 you get epic knight errant among

1:37

S… Speaker 2 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

the best single target attackers in the game so basically you don't need to worry about

1:41

S… Speaker 2 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

bosses but wait there's more check out these five promo codes

1:45

S… Speaker 2 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

all new players can take any one of these five to add another legendary

1:49

S… Speaker 2 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

champion to their starting party we recommend you go with pedraig because

1:54

S… Speaker 2 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

while he's not a massive damage dealer

1:56

S… Speaker 2 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

He will keep the characters that are,

1:57

S… Speaker 2 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

like Harvest Jack,

1:58

S… Speaker 2 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

alive for a very long time,

2:00

S… Speaker 2 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

and hence deal you a lot of damage through his support across the whole game.

2:04

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

To get started,

2:05

S… Speaker 2 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

just download the game via our link in the description or QR code on screen,

2:09

S… Speaker 2 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

and then input your chosen code within 48 hours,

2:12

S… Speaker 2 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

and all of this powerful stuff will be free for you.

2:14

S… Speaker 2 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

Once you're set up,

2:15

S… Speaker 2 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

you can even join the Kings and Generals clan in -game.

2:18

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

See you there.

2:19

S… Speaker 2 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

It had been almost two decades since Bayezid

2:23

S… Speaker 2 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

II's ascension to the Ottoman throne.

2:26

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

By that time,

2:27

S… Speaker 2 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

the state had recovered economically from the constant warring days of his father.

2:31

S… Speaker 2 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

The finances of the empire were on the up,

2:34

S… Speaker 2 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

and the political stability of the central government was secure for now.

2:37

S… Speaker 2 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

After many years of centralizing control over taxation and

2:42

S… Speaker 2 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

its relationship with Timah -holding military men,

2:44

S… Speaker 2 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

the state's annual revenues had doubled,

2:46

S… Speaker 2 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

and the population of its cities had grown rapidly.

2:50

S… Speaker 2 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

But, as the Ottoman Empire was closing out the 15th century in prosperity,

2:54

S… Speaker 2 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

new challenges lay ahead.

2:56

S… Speaker 2 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

Since 1479,

2:58

S… Speaker 2 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

the Republic of Venice and the Ottoman Empire had been at peace.

3:01

S… Speaker 2 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

The two sides had previously fought a bloody 16 -year war across

3:06

S… Speaker 2 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

the wider eastern Mediterranean during the reign of Mehmed the Conqueror,

3:09

S… Speaker 2 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

culminating in a massive Ottoman victory.

3:12

S… Speaker 2 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

New lands had been brought under Muslim rule,

3:15

S… Speaker 2 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

and the Doge had become a tributary of the Sultan.

3:18

S… Speaker 2 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

However, even during peace,

3:20

S… Speaker 2 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

tensions between the two realms had been slowly building up.

3:23

S… Speaker 2 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

During the height of Cem Sultan's rebellion in 1482,

3:27

S… Speaker 2 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

Venice had opportunistically seized the Ionian island of Zakynthos

3:31

S… Speaker 2 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

from the sublime port,

3:32

S… Speaker 2 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

which it considered strategically essential for protecting its maritime routes

3:36

S… Speaker 2 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

between the Adriatic and the eastern Mediterranean.

3:39

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

Nonetheless,

3:40

S… Speaker 2 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

knowing that he could not wage a prolonged war with Venice in his unstable

3:44

S… Speaker 2 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

state, Bayezid concluded a new peace treaty with the Republic in 1483,

3:49

S… Speaker 2 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

acknowledging the transfer of the island.

3:51

S… Speaker 2 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

The Doge's annual tribute to the sublime port was also cancelled.

3:55

S… Speaker 2 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

For centuries,

3:58

S… Speaker 2 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

Venice relied heavily on its network of overseas colonies and trading

4:02

S… Speaker 2 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

posts to project its economic and military power.

4:06

S… Speaker 2 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

These territories enabled Venice to control vital trade routes linking

4:10

S… Speaker 2 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

Europe to the Levant and beyond.

4:11

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

This,

4:13

S… Speaker 2 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

however, caused natural rivalries between Venice and the Ottomans in their struggle

4:17

S… Speaker 2 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

to control the Adriatic and Aegean seas,

4:19

S… Speaker 2 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

Albania and the Morea.

4:21

S… Speaker 2 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

With Cem Sultan's death in 1495 and the signing

4:25

S… Speaker 2 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

of a peace treaty with Poland in 1499,

4:27

S… Speaker 2 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

Bayezid now believed it was time to provoke the Doge into a war.

4:31

S… Speaker 2 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

Although he had been more diplomatic than his late martial father,

4:35

S… Speaker 2 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

the Sultan was now determined to wage a major war to keep his military

4:39

S… Speaker 2 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

class of martial lords loyal and satisfied with his regime.

4:42

S… Speaker 2 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

Within a short period,

4:44

S… Speaker 2 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

Ottoman ports were closed to Venetian grain merchants,

4:47

S… Speaker 2 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

and the Principality of Zeta,

4:49

S… Speaker 2 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

bordering Venetian Dalmatia,

4:50

S… Speaker 2 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

was annexed into the empire.

4:52

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

However,

4:53

S… Speaker 2 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

the main act of aggression came when a Venetian vessel carrying Christian pilgrims

4:57

S… Speaker 2 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

to the Holy Land was captured and enslaved by the Ottoman army.

5:00

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

Ottoman corsairs in the eastern Mediterranean.

5:01

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

All of these actions resulted in Venice building up its forces in

5:06

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

the Aegean, and thus,

5:07

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

by the summer of 1499,

5:09

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

war between the nations was renewed after almost 20 years of peace.

5:13

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

During the reign of Beyozid

5:17

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

II, the Ottoman navy expanded greatly as Muslim corsairs from

5:21

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

North Africa and the Aegean began enlisting in the Sultan's service.

5:25

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

Figures such as Kemal Reis and later Uruç Reis operated as both Ottoman

5:29

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

commanders and semi -autonomous corsairs,

5:32

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

conducting raids against enemy shipping and gathering intelligence for the Sultan.

5:36

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

This integration of corsair warfare into Ottoman naval strategy

5:40

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

provided the sublime port with flexibility,

5:42

S… Speaker 2 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

experience,

5:43

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

and a steady influx of skilled sailors throughout the 1490s,

5:47

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

and it would prove crucial in the war to come.

5:50

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

By the summer of 1499,

5:52

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

an Ottoman fleet led by Kemal Rice and his subordinate Burak Rice

5:56

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

sailed through the Dardanelles into the Aegean Sea with the goal of attacking Venetian

6:00

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

possessions in the Morea.

6:01

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

Kemal Rice had entered the service of Bayezid back in the 1480s.

6:05

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

In a military career spanning two decades,

6:07

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

the Turkish corsair assisted and transported Jewish and Muslim refugees

6:12

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

fleeing Spain during the fall of the Islamic Emirate of Granada.

6:15

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

During such endeavors,

6:17

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

he had also sacked the Balearic Islands,

6:19

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

the island of Corsica,

6:20

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

and even bombarded the Spanish coastal towns of Malaga,

6:23

S… Speaker 2 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

Almeria,

6:24

S… Speaker 2 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

and Elche.

6:24

S… Speaker 2 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

For these services,

6:26

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

Kemal Reis was promoted to Admiral of the Ottoman Navy in 1495

6:30

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

and was given command of the largest military vessel that the Ottoman state had ever

6:34

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

constructed.

6:35

S… Speaker 2 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

Named Gurka,

6:36

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

the ship was one of the two karaks built in the Venetian model that could carry

6:40

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

up to 700 soldiers and dozens of cannons.

6:43

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

In the following years,

6:45

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

the new Admiral,

6:45

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

on board his new flagship,

6:47

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

would build a fierce reputation in the courts of Western Europe as an unstoppable

6:51

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

marauder of the Mediterranean.

6:53

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

As a result of Kemal's

6:57

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

advance into Marea,

6:58

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

the Doge assigned Antonio Grimani,

7:00

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

who was already in the region mustering arms for the war,

7:03

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

to lead the war effort.

7:04

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

By mid -summer,

7:05

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

the Venetian Admiral had concentrated his fleet at the coastal town of Modon

7:09

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

and now awaited the arrival of Kemal from the east.

7:12

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

Grimani would only have to wait a month.

7:14

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

The Ottoman fleet had begun its operations in the region by first sacking the

7:19

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

island of Sapienza off the southern tip of Marea before bypassing Moden and

7:23

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

sailing towards the Cape of Neverino,

7:24

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

which the Venetians called Zonkio.

7:26

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

The confident Grimani decided that now was the time to strike

7:31

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

and ordered his fleet to set sail to meet the Turks at once.

7:34

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

The Battle of Zonkio had just begun.

7:39

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

The Ottoman fleet led by Kemal was immense,

7:42

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

totaling around 260 ships and over 35 ,000

7:46

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

sailors, oarsmen,

7:47

S… Speaker 2 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

and soldiers.

7:47

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

This number included 60 light galleys,

7:50

S… Speaker 2 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

3 great galleys,

7:52

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

30 galleots,

7:53

S… Speaker 2 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

40 fustas,

7:54

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

and over 130 transport and barge ships.

7:57

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

At the center of the fleet were two massive karaks,

8:00

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

serving as the flagships of Kemal Reis and Burak Reis.

8:03

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

The Venetian fleet was smaller than the Ottoman fleet,

8:06

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

but superior in quality,

8:07

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

numbering around 95 ships and 25 ,000 sailors,

8:11

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

oarsmen, and soldiers.

8:12

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

This number included 17 galleys,

8:15

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

46 galleots,

8:16

S… Speaker 2 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

and 15 carex.

8:17

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

Although outnumbered,

8:19

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

Antonio Gramani was confident that his mighty carex could easily break

8:23

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

through the front lines of the light Ottoman galleys and win him the day,

8:26

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

and so he ordered an all -out attack.

8:29

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

However, right on the eve of battle,

8:31

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

the Venetian Duke of Corfu,

8:32

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

Andrea Loredan,

8:33

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

had arrived with additional ships,

8:35

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

determined to join Grimani.

8:37

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

The Loredan family had long fought the Ottomans throughout the eastern Mediterranean,

8:41

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

dating back to the siege of Thessalonica in 1422,

8:44

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

and so Andrea Loredan was determined to continue his family's military

8:49

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

legacy against the Turks.

8:51

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

Though annoyed by the breach of discipline,

8:53

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

Grimani allowed Loredan to lead his own attack on the Ottomans.

8:56

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

What followed was the unfolding of a full Venetian disaster.

9:00

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

After engaging the enemy,

9:04

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

Loredan believed he had spotted the flagship of Kamal Reis,

9:07

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

but the ship was actually commanded by Burak Reis.

9:10

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

Under thunderous cannon fire and whistling arrows,

9:13

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

a bloody clash began.

9:14

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

Instantly,

9:15

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

the numerous Ottoman light galleys began swarming the ships of Loredan.

9:19

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

But despite this dramatic clash,

9:21

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

most Venetian commanders hesitated to engage the Ottoman fleet.

9:24

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

Only a few ships entered the fight,

9:27

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

including the great galley of Captain Vincenzo Polani,

9:30

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

which battled numerous Ottoman galleys for many hours before escaping badly

9:34

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

damaged.

9:34

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

Grimini repeatedly sounded his trumpets to order a general attack,

9:38

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

but confusion and reluctance spread through his fleet,

9:41

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

and many captains failed to act.

9:43

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

It quickly became evident that Grimini was sorely inexperienced in commanding

9:48

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

such a large navy.

9:49

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

Meanwhile, Loredan's ship and Burak Rais's karak became locked together in

9:53

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

close combat.

9:54

S… Speaker 2 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

After several hours of fighting,

9:56

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

a massive fire broke out on the Ottoman vessel,

9:59

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

igniting it.

10:00

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

powder stores and causing a massive explosion that destroyed the ship and

10:04

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

killed both admirals.

10:05

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

Although the spectacle shocked both fleets,

10:08

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

the Venetians failed to exploit the situation and even neglected to rescue

10:12

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

many of their own survivors.

10:13

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

By sunset,

10:14

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

the Venetian fleet had fled the site of battle,

10:17

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

thus concluding the battle in a surprising Ottoman victory.

10:20

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

Zonkio became a deep psychological

10:24

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

blow to Venice,

10:25

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

revealing serious weaknesses in leadership and the overall command structure

10:30

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

of its navy.

10:31

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

By the end of the year,

10:32

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

the victorious Kemal Rice and his fleet sailed around the Morea into the Gulf

10:36

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

of Corinth and began besieging the Venetian stronghold of Lepanto.

10:40

S… Speaker 2 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

However,

10:41

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

the unorganized Venetian fleet once again failed to engage in battle and

10:45

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

so retreated.

10:45

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

As a result,

10:47

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

Lepanto surrendered within a matter of weeks,

10:49

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

thus giving Kemal Rice and his fleet another great victory.

10:52

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

Meanwhile,

10:53

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

massive Ottoman raids into Venetian -controlled Friuli,

10:56

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

Dalmatia,

10:57

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

and Marea had also begun,

10:58

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

as the local countryside of the regions was pillaged and its local inhabitants

11:03

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

enslaved.

11:03

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

Although not as successful as the previous raids conducted under Mehmed

11:07

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

the Conqueror, they nonetheless caused widespread panic in Venice.

11:11

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

More setbacks would follow the next year.

11:13

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

By the spring of 1500,

11:15

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

the Ottoman fleet set out to sea once more after wintering in Lepanto.

11:20

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

This time around,

11:21

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

the target was the fortress of Modon and Koron,

11:24

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

nicknamed the Two Eyes of the Republic,

11:26

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

for their strategic importance in Venetian control over the Morea.

11:29

S… Speaker 2 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

However,

11:30

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

in a short campaign,

11:31

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

the twin towns fell after yet another Venetian fleet was routed off the coast

11:36

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

by Modon.

11:36

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

Ottoman supremacy on the waves had been established in the war.

11:40

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

As for the first time in its history,

11:42

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

the empire had shown it could now go toe -to -toe with Venice in naval warfare.

11:46

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

More victories on land followed in 1501,

11:49

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

with the fall of Navarino and Duresh,

11:51

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

both huge blows for the Doge.

11:53

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

Pope Alexander VI

11:57

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

desperately tried to organize a new crusade to save Venice,

12:00

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

sending delegations across Europe.

12:03

S… Speaker 2 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

However,

12:04

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

upon learning of the crusade,

12:05

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

Bayezid entered into negotiations and succeeded in detaching Naples from

12:09

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

allying with the Doge by granting the Italian kingdom access to trade in Ottoman

12:13

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

ports and other favorable commercial concessions.

12:17

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

Only a few ships from France and Genoa would answer the call for holy war.

12:21

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

By the summer of 1501,

12:23

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

this crusader fleet,

12:24

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

accompanied by the Venetians,

12:26

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

entered the Aegean with the goal of capturing the Ottoman island of Lesbos,

12:29

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

which was seen as the gateway to the Dardanelles.

12:32

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

But ultimately,

12:33

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

the fleet was scattered by a storm,

12:35

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

and disagreements among the Allied commanders prevented them from uniting to fight

12:39

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

the Ottomans.

12:40

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

As a result,

12:41

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

the following siege on the island's capital of Mytilene was to prove disastrous,

12:45

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

with many crusaders falling dead beneath the mighty walls of the town.

12:49

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

By 1502,

12:53

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

Venice was ready to seek peace,

12:55

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

as the war had become too costly,

12:56

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

especially with the loss of its Levant markets and Black Sea trade routes,

13:00

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

which worsened its already strained finances.

13:03

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

Meanwhile,

13:04

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

doubts about his ability to fully defeat the scattered Venetian navy at sea

13:08

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

prompted Bayezid to accept peace,

13:10

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

which was formalized in Constantinople by the end of the year.

13:14

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

The Second Ottoman -Venetian War marked the Ottoman Empire's rise

13:18

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

as a major naval power in the Mediterranean.

13:20

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

The strategic bases acquired from Venice provided opportunities for further

13:25

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

expansion, both in the eastern Mediterranean and the west.

13:28

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

Other than the loss of the island of Cephalonia,

13:30

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

the war had been a great success for Bayezid's regime,

13:33

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

which obtained great satisfaction from the marcher lords of the Balkans.

13:37

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

With the Venetian War ended,

13:41

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

Bayezid withdrew from active political life,

13:44

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

leaving power in the hands of the Grand Vizier and the men around him.

13:48

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

The Sultan,

13:49

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

now in his mid -50s,

13:50

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

devoted himself mainly to religion,

13:52

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

learning, and mystical contemplation.

13:54

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

He encouraged the work of many learned men,

13:57

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

including the court historian Kemal Pajazadeh,

14:00

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

who began writing a full history of the Ottoman state,

14:02

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

starting from its humble origins under Osman Gazi.

14:05

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

Bezid also surrounded himself with the leading religious scholars and

14:09

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

scientists of the day,

14:10

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

while allowing members of his imperial court to rule in his stead.

14:16

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

In 1502,

14:17

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

Leonardo da Vinci submitted a proposal to Bayezid to construct an innovative bridge

14:22

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

across the Golden Horn in Constantinople.

14:24

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

Leonardo designed a single -span stone bridge,

14:27

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

about 240 meters long,

14:29

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

which would have connected Constantinople to the district of Galata.

14:32

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

His design was revolutionary because most bridges of that time relied

14:36

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

on multiple supports in the water,

14:38

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

whereas Leonardo proposed a single large flat arch that

14:42

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

would allow ships to pass underneath.

14:45

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

The bridge also incorporated advanced engineering concepts to enhance

14:49

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

stability against wind and earthquakes.

14:50

S… Speaker 2 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

However,

14:52

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

Ottoman officials likely considered the project too ambitious or difficult to

14:56

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

build with the technology available at the time,

14:58

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

and so such plans were scrapped.

15:00

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

Although Bayezid slowly retreated from public life,

15:03

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

his empire still remained active on all fronts.

15:06

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

In 1500,

15:07

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

a final Karamanid rebellion was suppressed,

15:10

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

while throughout the decade,

15:11

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

the naval forces of Kamal Reis harassed the lands and vessels of the Knights Hospitaller

15:16

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

of Rhodes.

15:16

S… Speaker 2 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

However,

15:19

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

it was up north where the largest victories would be found.

15:22

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

In 1502,

15:24

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

Crimean Khan Mianli Garai defeated the last Khan of the Great Horde and

15:28

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

took over his realm and its capital Tsarai.

15:30

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

In the aftermath of his great triumph,

15:32

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

the Crimean Khan proclaimed himself as Khagan,

15:35

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

thus claiming to be the direct successor to the Golden Horde's authority over

15:39

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

the other Tatar realms of Eastern Europe.

15:41

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

However, this expansion of Crimean authority would have unintended consequences

15:46

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

as it became the envy of local powers across the wider region and,

15:50

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

most importantly,

15:51

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

of the Grand Principality of Moscow.

15:53

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

But as Bayezid's realm won victories in Europe,

15:56

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

a new and more massive threat in the Far East had arrived at the doorsteps

16:00

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

of his empire.

16:01

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

Special thanks to Raid Shadow Legends for sponsoring this video.

16:05

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

Get it for free with loads of bonuses available via our link in the description.

16:11

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

In the next episode of our series on Ottoman history,

16:14

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

we will delve into the growing threat posed by the Safavids under their charismatic

16:18

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

leader, Shah Ismail,

16:19

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

and how the Ottomans,

16:20

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

under a new sultan,

16:21

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

confronted that threat on the plains of Chaldaran.

16:24

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

If you don't want to miss it,

16:26

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

make sure you are subscribed and have pressed the bell button to see it.

16:29

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

Please consider liking,

16:30

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

subscribing, commenting,

16:31

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

and sharing.

16:31

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

It helps immensely.

16:32

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

Our patrons and YouTube members can watch more than 200 exclusive videos.

16:37

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

Join their ranks via the link in the description or by pressing the join button under the video

16:41

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

to watch these weekly videos,

16:43

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

learn about our schedule,

16:44

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

get early access to our videos,

16:46

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

access our private discord,

16:47

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

and much more.

16:48

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

This is the Kings and Generals channel,

16:51

S… Speaker 1 (How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony)

and we will catch you on the next one.

How the Ottomans Became a Naval Power and Venice Lost the Hegemony

สรุป

ถาม AI เกี่ยวกับการแปลนี้