How Do Lithium-Ion Batteries Work?

May 13, 2026 18:09 · 3:40 · captions 플랫폼 자막

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So you’re outside chasing around that rare Squirtle, when BAM--your phone dies!

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We can’t help you catch Pokémon, but we can give you three hacks for keeping your

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phone battery juiced.

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[Splash] Alright before we get into the hacks--here’s how your phone battery works.

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Smartphones, laptops, and Teslas get their power from rechargeable lithium-ion batteries.

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All batteries have the same three basic parts: a positive electrode called a cathode, a negative

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electrode called an anode, and a chemical layer called an electrolyte that lets electrical

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charge flow between the electrodes.

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In lithium-ion batteries, the electrode combo is usually a lithium cobalt oxide cathode

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and a graphite anode.

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When you plug in your phone, electrons enter your phone’s battery and cause lithium ions

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to meet up with them at the anode.

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Once at the anode, the lithium atoms nestle in sites between the graphite’s carbon layers.

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When you unplug your phone, the process reverses: lithium atoms at the anode start losing their

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electrons.

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The electrons zip through the circuit, providing the current to run your phone.

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Meanwhile, lithium ions journey through the electrolyte.

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They reunite with the electrons at the cathode.

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These processes keep going until all ions reach the cathode, causing that dreaded flashing

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battery symbol.

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Every time you burn through 100% of the battery’s charge, which is called its capacity, you

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take the battery through one charge cycle.

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Each cycle inches the battery closer to death by shaving off some of its total capacity.

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So here’s how to keep your phone’s battery charge and life lasting longer with science.

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Hack #1: Avoid heat!

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Heat does nasty things to lithium-ion batteries.

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And we’re not talking thermonuclear-level heat: we’re talking about when you forgot

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your phone in a hot car or left it in the sun at the beach.

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As your phone gets warm, the heat speeds up the chemical reactions that cause a battery

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to go kaput.

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These reactions break down the electrolyte and form products on the anode.

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This blocks lithium ions from nestling into the graphite.

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Fewer site means less capacity and you’ll have to charge your phone more often.

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Even worse, heat can start a “thermal runaway”.

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Once the cobalt oxide gets hot enough, it starts a cycle of reactions that throw out

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more and more heat.

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All this heat starts to boil the liquids in your phone’s battery building pressure until

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the battery EXPLODES!!!

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Hack #2: Don’t Let Your Phone Die.

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Lithium-ion batteries don’t need to be fully discharged before recharging, unlike nickel

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batteries.

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Nickel batteries suffer from the “memory effect”—meaning that unless they’re

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at 0%, they’ll “forget” part of their capacity when recharged.

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But lithium-ions never forget, and they loathe a full discharge.

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When you drained your phone to zero, your phone lost more capacity so your charges won’t

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last as long.

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So make sure your phone doesn’t die.

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If it’s on the verge of death just turn it off.

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You can tweet us thanks later.

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Hack #3: Store at 50% charge.

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We weren’t kidding about lithium-ions hating it when you let your phone die.

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If you’re leaving a fully discharged battery alone for a while, it could get unstable.

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Like, the thermal-runaway-and possibly-blow-up kind of unstable.

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Fortunately for us, modern batteries trip a self-destruct circuit before destabilizing.

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Unfortunately for us, self-destructed batteries never work again.

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So if you’re going on vacation to a foreign country where you won’t be using your phone,

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make sure the battery is around 50% before turning it off.

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And if you’re letting it sit for a longer period of time, turn it on about every six

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months to make sure it’s charged to 50%.

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This way you avoid both self-destruction and capacity loss.

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With our simple hacks, you can keep your current battery in top shape for the next time you

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go hunting Squirtle.

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What features do you want to see in your next smartphone?

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Let us know in the comments and hey, thanks for watching.

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