Section_3
Sep 24, 2026 09:50
· 6:28
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Speaker 1 (Section_3)
Section 3.
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You will hear part of a seminar entitled
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Understanding the World's Oceans,
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given by a climate scientist.
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Speaker 2 (Section_3)
First,
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you have some time to look at questions 21 to 25 on
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pages 5 and 6.
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Now
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listen carefully and answer questions 21 to 25.
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Speaker 4 (Section_3)
Thanks to all of you for coming along today to hear about how the Robotic
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Float Project is helping with ocean research.
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Well,
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first of all,
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we'll look at what a robotic float does and its use.
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So let's start with the device itself.
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It looks a bit like a cigar and it's about one and a half metres long.
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More importantly,
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it's full of equipment that's designed to collect data.
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So it can help us in building up a profile of different factors which
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work together within the world's oceans.
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Speaker 5 (Section_3)
Sounds like a big project.
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Isn't it too big for one country to undertake?
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Speaker 4 (Section_3)
That's quite true,
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but this project is a really good example of international cooperation.
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Over the last five years,
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scientists from 13 countries have been taking part in the project and
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launching floats in their area of ocean control.
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And next year,
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this number will rise to 14 when Indonesia joins the project.
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Speaker 6 (Section_3)
That's impressive.
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Speaker 4 (Section_3)
But let's move on to how floats work.
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The operational cycle goes like this.
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Each of the floats is dropped in the ocean from a boat at a set point
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and activated from a satellite.
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Then the float immediately sinks about 2 ,000 metres.
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That's two whole kilometres down in the water.
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It stays at this depth for about 10 days and
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is carried around by the currents which operate in the ocean at this level.
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During this time,
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it's possible for it to cover quite large distances,
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but the average is 50 kilometres.
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Speaker 2 (Section_3)
So,
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Speaker 6 (Section_3)
what is it actually recording?
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Speaker 5 (Section_3)
Well,
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at this stage,
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nothing.
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But as it rises to the surface,
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it collects all sorts of data.
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Most importantly,
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variations in salinity,
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that's salt levels,
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and the changes in temperature,
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a bit like underwater weather balloons.
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Speaker 4 (Section_3)
Then,
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when it gets back to the surface,
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all the data it's collected is beamed up to the satellite.
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After about five hours on the surface,
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the float automatically sinks,
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beginning the whole process again.
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Speaker 7 (Section_3)
Before you
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hear the rest of the conversation,
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you have some time to look at questions 26 to 30 on
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page 7.
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Speaker 3 (Section_3)
Now
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listen and answer questions 26 to 30.
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Speaker 7 (Section_3)
What happens
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to the data?
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Well, the information is transferred direct to onshore meteorological
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stations like our one in Hobart,
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and within four hours the findings can be on computers,
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and they can be mapped and analysed.
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Speaker 6 (Section_3)
You say you're building models of the world's ocean systems,
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but how are they going to be used,
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and more importantly,
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when?
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Some of the data has already helped in completing projects.
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For example,
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our understanding of the underlying causes of El Nino events
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is being confirmed by float data.
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Another way we're using float data is to help us to
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understand the mechanics of climate change,
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like global warming and ozone depletion.
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That's part of an ongoing variability study,
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but the results are still a long way off.
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However,
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this is not the case with our ocean weather forecasting.
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Because we know from the floats what the prevailing weather conditions will
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be in certain parts of the ocean,
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we can advise the Navy on search and rescue missions.
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That's happening right now,
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and many yachtsmen owe their lives to the success of this project.
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In addition,
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the float data can help us to look at the biological implications of ocean
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processes.
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Speaker 5 (Section_3)
Would that help with preserving fish stocks?
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Yes, and advising governments on fisheries legislation.
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We're well on the way to completing a project on this.
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We hope it will help to bring about more sustainable fishing practices.
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We'll be seeing the results of that quite soon.
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Speaker 6 (Section_3)
It sounds like the data from floats has lots of applications.
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Speaker 4 (Section_3)
Yes, it does.
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It's also a powerful agricultural tool.
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If we were aware of what the weather would be like,
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say, next year,
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we could make sure that the farmers planted appropriate grain varieties
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to produce the best yield from the available rainfall.
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Speaker 5 (Section_3)
That sounds a bit like science fiction,
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especially when now we can't even tell them when a drought will break.
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Speaker 4 (Section_3)
I agree that this concept is still a long way in the future,
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but it will come eventually,
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Speaker 4 (Section_3)
and the float data will have made a contribution.
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Speaker 7 (Section_3)
That is
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Speaker 1 (Section_3)
the end of Section 3.
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Speaker 1 (Section_3)
You now have half a minute to check your answers.
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Speaker 3 (Section_3)
Now
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Speaker 1 (Section_3)
turn to section 4 on page 8.
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