03
Jun 21, 2026 07:25
· 9:36
· English
· Whisper Turbo
· 2 speakers
هيءَ ترانسڪريپشن آخري ٿي ويندي 25 ڏينھن.
ساري وقت جي ذخيري لاءِ اپ گريڊ →
صرف ڏيکارڻ
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Speaker 1 (03)
How is everybody today?
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Let's begin because we've got a lot to cover.
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Today we are going to look at the problem of air
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pollution.
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And to understand air pollution,
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I want to look at one of the particularly harmful gases that
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causes it.
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So,
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that's where we'll start.
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And then we'll move on to discuss...
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Trees.
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Yes,
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that's right,
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trees.
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And we'll look at how trees are a great low technology solution
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to air pollution.
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Okay,
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so we have these two areas to cover.
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Let's start by looking at air pollution in urban areas,
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that is,
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cities.
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What we see in urban areas is that air
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pollution can be especially intense because the human population
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in cities is so big.
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When we look at population statistics for an urban area worldwide,
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these numbers are interesting.
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The world population is over 6 billion
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in 2005.
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And
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of this 6 billion,
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almost 50 % live in cities.
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Another way to say that is more than 3
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billion people,
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3 billion,
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live in cities.
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Why am I telling you these numbers?
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Let me explain why.
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It is important to understand these urban population statistics
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because when we look at the problems caused by air pollution
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in urban areas,
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we can see that in cities a huge number
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of people are affected by pollution.
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And we also see that it is the same huge
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number of people that cause the pollution as well.
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So cities are key places to look at the causes
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and effects of air pollution.
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So let's move now to look
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at some of the specific causes of air pollution.
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In order to give us an idea of how air pollution works
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I want to explain the impact of one pollutant on
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air quality.
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The pollutant is a gas.
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a gas called sulfur dioxide.
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How
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many of you have heard of this?
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The chemical symbol for this is SO2.
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Sulfur dioxide is a
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mix of sulfur,
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the chemical symbol is S,
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and oxygen molecules.
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The chemical symbol is O2.
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The sulfur we are talking about is present in fuel.
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What I mean by fuel is material that is burnt
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to supply heat or power,
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like oil and coal.
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Okay,
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let's look at how SO2 is formed
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then.
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Let me put a slide up for you to look at while I explain the
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process, okay?
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Here it is.
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This
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shows four steps or so of the process.
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First,
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we have a fuel that contains sulfur and it is burned.
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The sulfur is released into the air.
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You can see it coming from these factories here.
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Next,
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the sulfur then mixes with oxygen in the air.
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This becomes SO2,
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sulfur dioxide.
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So,
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that is how it is formed.
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But,
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let's look at what happens next.
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The SO2 then rises into the air.
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At this point it mixes with water in the clouds.
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The mix forms a substance called sulfuric
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acid.
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And now the sulfuric acid interacts
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with other gases in the air to form something called a
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sulfate.
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The fourth step shows that sulfuric acid then
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falls with the rest of the water in the clouds as something
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called acid rain.
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You've probably heard of this.
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This acid rain is extremely dangerous to the environment,
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land,
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and water.
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So,
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that's the process of how SO2 is formed and becomes acid
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rain.
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Let me spell out the problems sulfur dioxide can cause for
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both people and the environment.
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People
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exposed to SO2,
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many of them living in cities,
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have a difficulty with things like this.
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Difficulty with breathing,
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watering eyes,
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and burning nose and throat.
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For some,
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these effects are temporary.
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But in other cases,
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SO2 can actually cause permanent damage.
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Now,
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let's look at the effects on the environment.
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Here are some examples.
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Sulfur dioxide in acid rain damages
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forests and growing things and even changes the soil.
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In other words,
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the ground the plants grow in.
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It also increases the acid level in water.
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By water,
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I mean oceans and lakes and streams.
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It makes them so acidic that fish and other living creatures cannot
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live in them.
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I think I've painted a general picture of how serious
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air pollution is.
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You have a pretty good idea of how terribly it affects every living
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thing.
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So,
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let's...
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Turn our attention to what's being done about this problem.
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Let's turn our focus to one unique solution
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Let's talk about trees trees
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provide both environmental services and
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economic benefits What does this mean?
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means that trees actually help save money.
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I want to talk now about how trees help
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in and around densely populated urban areas.
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Let me start by defining an important term and
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that is urban forests.
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The term urban forest means planting and
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maintaining individual trees and small forests
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in and around urban areas.
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For example,
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an urban forest can be tree -lined streets,
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trees in schoolyards,
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trees in downtown parks,
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and trees along the highways.
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You get the picture.
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So let me explain what these trees
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do to reduce pollution.
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Trees absorb polluting gases through their leaves.
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They take in pollutants and break them down so that they are less
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harmful.
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You can think of trees working kind of like
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a sponge for various forms of pollution.
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So trees help reduce existing pollution.
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Trees are also helpful in preventing pollution from
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occurring.
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Trees actually help cities stay cooler by reducing
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high temperatures in general.
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How does this work?
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Trees,
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as you know,
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provide valuable shade.
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And shade is good because once the air is cooler,
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there is less of a need for using air conditioners.
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Some urban forest organizations claim that just three,
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only three well -placed trees around
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a home can lower air conditioning bills by up to 50%.
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This is amazing!
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Lowering home electricity bills is just part of the story of how
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trees help.
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Power plants that produce electricity are one of the biggest
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sources of SO2.
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Urban forestry is an international effort
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that you can see in cities all over the world.
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Let me give you a few examples.
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Beijing,
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China, Dublin,
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Ireland and Mexico City,
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to name just a few,
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all have significant urban forestry programs.
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I'm going to stop here today,
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but I hope to leave you with an understanding of one polluting gas,
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Speaker 1 (03)
sulfur dioxide and the advantages of trees and
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Speaker 1 (03)
the urban forest.
This transcript was generated by AI (automatic speech recognition). May contain errors — verify against the original audio for critical use. AI policy
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