Gene Regulation in Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes (1)

1:36:29 8 发言者 32 章次章次 2366 分部分会议

摘要

The transcript discusses the current week of October 26, 2026, in a genetics class. It covers the translation process, the ribosome, and the three stages of translation. The next topic to be covered is gene regulation in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, including the importance of gene regulation, the mechanisms of gene regulation in prokaryotes, and the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic gene regulation. The transcript also includes a question about why cells in the body behave differently, which prompts the discussion on gene regulation.

发言者

章次章次

0:29

章章章章章章次第一章章第一章一章 1: Alright, so good afternoon everyone. 66s · Speaker 1

Alright, so good afternoon everyone. Welcome to our genetics class. So today po is, ano na, today po is October. Anong date ngayon? It's October 26, 2026, okay? So we're already in the last week of October. So I hope everyone, okay? are saf…
1:35

章章章章章章次第一章章第一章一章 2: Okay? So yung messenger RNA natin, they carries the instruction. 302s · Speaker 3

Okay? So yung messenger RNA natin, they carries the instruction. And you have learned that it is read in the 5' to 3' direction through 3 base codons. While yung transfer RNA naman po natin, They brings the correct amino acids using its ant…
6:37

章章章章章章次第一章章第一章一章 3: other neurons. 239s · Speaker 1

other neurons. Okay? The same goes with the skin cell. So, yung skin cell po natin, on the other hand, they need to produce proteins that contribute to the structure and protective function of the skin. Okay? So, although they have the same…
10:38

章章章章章章次第一章章第一章一章 4: disorders. 74s · Speaker 5

disorders. So when we study gene regulation class, we are not just studying an abstract molecular mechanism inside a cell. We're also studying processes that are directly connected to the development. diseases and human biology. And ultimat…
11:52

章章章章章章次第一章章第一章一章 5: Now, let's talk about the different levels of gene expression. 137s · Speaker 3

Now, let's talk about the different levels of gene expression. At what stages can gene actively be controlled? Since we have already understood why gene regulation is pointed, let's move to the next question. At what stages can be... can ge…
14:10

章章章章章章次第一章章第一章一章 6: Okay? So, ano naman yung trabaho ni post -transcriptional control? 302s · Speaker 4

Okay? So, ano naman yung trabaho ni post -transcriptional control? So, itong post -transcriptional control natin, class, we are talking about the, di ba, after transcription, the initial RNA transcript often needs to be processed before it …
19:13

章章章章章章次第一章章第一章一章 7: what does it mean? 289s · Speaker 1

what does it mean? We are talking about the time. Correct? We are talking about the time. Okay? Alright. So temporal, that means we are talking about time. So temporal regulation refers to controlling when a gene is expressed. Okay? A parti…
24:02

章章章章章章次第一章章第一章一章 8: So... How do bacteria survive by turning genes on and off quickly? 300s · Speaker 5

So... How do bacteria survive by turning genes on and off quickly? Okay? So think about the environment of a bacterium. Okay? Yung bacterium, it doesn't always have a stable supply of nutrients. Okay? The available food source can change, t…
29:03

章章章章章章次第一章章第一章一章 9: Okay? Adaptation. 76s · Speaker 4

Okay? Adaptation. Kapag yung environment po natin, class, changes, yung bacteria po can change. which genes are expressed, allowing it to adjust in its metabolism and behavior. So in a way, gene regulation gives the bacteria a molecular mec…
30:19

章章章章章章次第一章章第一章一章 10: Okay? So, How do bacteria survive by turning genes on and off quickly? 307s · Speaker 3

Okay? So, How do bacteria survive by turning genes on and off quickly? Okay, so the answer for that is what we call the operons, no? They can organize functionally related genes into regulatory units and allows the coordinated expression of…
35:26

章章章章章章次第一章章第一章一章 11: transacetylase transacetylase seti place. 74s · Speaker 1

transacetylase transacetylase seti place. Okay? Nakusaan itong Tiogalactoside transacetylase, it participates in lactose -related metabolism. Although, its precise physiological roles is less central to lactose utilization than lactose and …
36:41

章章章章章章次第一章章第一章一章 12: It would continuously produce all of these proteins. 177s · Speaker 5

It would continuously produce all of these proteins. Of course, hindi, di ba? That would be a waste of cellular resources. Okay? And that's where, okay, the lock L repressor becomes important. Okay? Ayan. Itong LL pressure natin, sila po ay…
39:38

章章章章章章次第一章章第一章一章 13: Okay? Now, there's another layer that makes the lac operon even more interesting. 300s · Speaker 7

Okay? Now, there's another layer that makes the lac operon even more interesting. Okay? So, the lac operon is not regulated only by negative regulation. It can also be influenced by positive regulation, particularly... through the availabil…
44:39

章章章章章章次第一章章第一章一章 14: If beyond that time na, for example, 7 . 104s · Speaker 1

If beyond that time na, for example, 7 .31 and onwards, okay, maka -receive na lang kayo ng 2 ,500 points. 731. Onwards. Nagigets po ba? So, I hope, no? Clear ito sa NBI. Alright? So, ayan. Ayan yung agreement natin, no? But this is our sec…
46:24

章章章章章章次第一章章第一章一章 15: Okay? For this, we will look at the TRP operon which regulates the synthesis of the amino acid tryptophan. 96s · Speaker 6

Okay? For this, we will look at the TRP operon which regulates the synthesis of the amino acid tryptophan. Okay? So, the lac operon class and the TRP operon solve opposite kinds of problem. Okay? So, kung kanina si lac operon helps the bact…
48:00

章章章章章章次第一章章第一章一章 16: Therefore, the TRP operand is generally on when tryptophan is scarce. 61s · Speaker 5

Therefore, the TRP operand is generally on when tryptophan is scarce. Okay? Bakit? Kasi the cell needs the enzyme required to synthesize more tryptophan. But now, let's imagine that tryptophan becomes abundant. Does the bacterium continue p…
49:02

章章章章章章次第一章章第一章一章 17: okay, it acts as co -presor, co -re -presor. 236s · Speaker 3

okay, it acts as co -presor, co -re -presor. Okay? Pag sinabi natin corepressor class, we are talking about a small molecule that helps a repressor protein bind to DNA and inhibit transcription. So when tryptophan levels are low, the TRP re…
52:58

章章章章章章次第一章章第一章一章 18: Okay? Nagigits po? 68s · Speaker 7

Okay? Nagigits po? So, again, the cell doesn't want not to waste ATP, amino acid, enzymes, or other. Okay? or either a cloud. or add resources producing something it already has in sufficient amount. So, the TRP operands allows the cell to …
54:07

章章章章章章次第一章章第一章一章 19: Okay? So, the final product participates in controlling its own synthesis. 70s · Speaker 5

Okay? So, the final product participates in controlling its own synthesis. And this is an example of a broader biological principle. The output of a pathway can help regulate the pathway itself. Okay? And this is extremely useful for mainta…
55:18

章章章章章章次第一章章第一章一章 20: Okay? There are more layers of regulation. 97s · Speaker 7

Okay? There are more layers of regulation. So, in eukaryotic gene regulation, it can actually occur from what organelles, okay? Or what structure. So, it can occur, no, in a chromatin. Chromatin structure, okay? All the way to the final pro…
56:55

章章章章章章次第一章章第一章一章 21: Okay? So, sa chromatin structure class, yung eukaryotic DNA natin is associated with proteins. 204s · Speaker 4

Okay? So, sa chromatin structure class, yung eukaryotic DNA natin is associated with proteins. Okay? So, ano po bang protein yun? Yun yung mga tinatawag natin na mga histones. Okay? So, yung histones na to class, it can actually form, no? i…
1:00:19

章章章章章章次第一章章第一章一章 22: um, previously, no? 258s · Speaker 2

um, previously, no? Previous discussion natin. The initial RNA transcript or the pre -mRNA natin, di ba? Nag -undergo siya ng processing before becoming mature mRNA. Okay? And that includes processes such as 5 -prime capping. Okay? Kung map…
1:04:38

章章章章章章次第一章章第一章一章 23: Okay? Active po yung gene transcription natin dito. 132s · Speaker 3

Okay? Active po yung gene transcription natin dito. Okay? On the other hand, dito po sa heterochromatin, okay, it is more tightly packed. Ibig sabihin po, Okay? Kapag yung DNA natin is tightly packed, the transcriptional machinery has less …
1:06:51

章章章章章章次第一章章第一章一章 24: of course, mass less restrictive sila. 296s · Speaker 5

of course, mass less restrictive sila. Okay? So it makes the chromatin more open and accessible to transcriptional machinery. Nagigits po. And this is one of the reasons why histone modifications are considered an important part of epigenet…
1:11:47

章章章章章章次第一章章第一章一章 25: Okay? So, changes in DNA methylation, histone modification, and chromatin organization have been associated with various diseases, including yung mga cancer and developmental disorder. 300s · Speaker 2

Okay? So, changes in DNA methylation, histone modification, and chromatin organization have been associated with various diseases, including yung mga cancer and developmental disorder. Okay? So, nagigits po. Alright. So again, that leads us…
1:16:47

章章章章章章次第一章章第一章一章 26: transcription factors with the general transcription machinery. 98s · Speaker 1

transcription factors with the general transcription machinery. Okay? So, ultimately, no, that helps... influence, okay? The activity of the RNA polymerase 1 or sorry, polymerase 2 na kung saan ito yung mga enzymes responsible for transcrib…
1:18:25

章章章章章章次第一章章第一章一章 27: Okay? They are part of a large regulatory network that integrates signals and coordinates gene expression. 301s · Speaker 3

Okay? They are part of a large regulatory network that integrates signals and coordinates gene expression. Okay po? So, I hope it is clear na po, no, on your end. Okay? So, now, since we have already talked about those things, no. Let's hav…
1:23:27

章章章章章章次第一章章第一章一章 28: but also tissue -specific gene expression. 245s · Speaker 1

but also tissue -specific gene expression. Okay? Now, this process has to be highly accurate. So what happens if splicing goes wrong? Okay? So again, incorrect splicing can produce abnormal mRNAs and consequently abnormal or non -functional…
1:27:33

章章章章章章次第一章章第一章一章 29: So, pwede po itong mag -lead to degradation of the target mRNA. 301s · Speaker 5

So, pwede po itong mag -lead to degradation of the target mRNA. Okay po? So, they can do both, no, yung micro and then si small interfering RNA po natin. They can therefore produce gene expression. Okay? Now, we have another group, no, call…
1:32:35

章章章章章章次第一章章第一章一章 30: control DNA accessibility while transcription factors self -activate or repress genes. 93s · Speaker 1

control DNA accessibility while transcription factors self -activate or repress genes. And then RNA processing adds another layer of control and non -coding RNAs help fine -tune gene expression. So the big idea here is gene regulation allow…
1:34:09

章章章章章章次第一章章第一章一章 31: so, pakisend lang po sa GC natin ng word na Dan Watching. 65s · Speaker 5

so, pakisend lang po sa GC natin ng word na Dan Watching. Okay. Dan Watching Week 11. Okay. Gene regulation. So, ito lang. Itachet na sa GC natin after nyo mapanood to. Okay. So, once makapag -send po kayo during our time from 4 .30 to 7 .3…
1:35:16

章章章章章章次第一章章第一章一章 32: Alright. So, bahala kayo kung hindi nyo ito pinapanood. 71s · Speaker 6

Alright. So, bahala kayo kung hindi nyo ito pinapanood. Okay. So, ayan. Thank you so much, class, for listening and I hope you learned something for today's discussion. Okay. So, again, send nilang po. Done watching W11 gene regulation. Alr…

Gene Regulation in Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes (1)

摘要

发言者

章次 章 次

章次章次