04_LUGUE
Oct 26, 2026 14:10
· 1:27:59
· TL
· Whisper Turbo
· 8 بلندگوها
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0:00
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Speaker 1 (04_LUGUE)
Malang harang-harang energy ulit.
0:02
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Speaker 1 (04_LUGUE)
Good morning, everyone!
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Speaker 2 (04_LUGUE)
Good morning!
0:20
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Speaker 1 (04_LUGUE)
So today, we're going to discuss genetic analysis according to Mendel
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Speaker 1 (04_LUGUE)
and Mendel and her family plans and plans.
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Speaker 1 (04_LUGUE)
At the end of the presentation, student should be able to
0:39
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Speaker 1 (04_LUGUE)
if hindi siya mga nakalit cross sa mga text cross,
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Speaker 1 (04_LUGUE)
explain mental slow, independent assortment,
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Speaker 1 (04_LUGUE)
and analyze human pedigrees for government, energetics, and in medicine.
1:01
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Speaker 1 (04_LUGUE)
So, mag -focus pa tayo sa first topic,
1:04
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Speaker 1 (04_LUGUE)
which is the Pentel's Medline Analysis.
1:20
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Speaker 1 (04_LUGUE)
So,
1:20
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Speaker 1 (04_LUGUE)
bakit nga pagkinapit
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Speaker 1 (04_LUGUE)
ni Gregor Gendel yung P plants,
1:27
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Speaker 1 (04_LUGUE)
anyone?
1:27
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Speaker 1 (04_LUGUE)
Mas madali
1:31
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Speaker 1 (04_LUGUE)
siyang i -observe and i -reproduce.
1:44
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Speaker 1 (04_LUGUE)
It's one of every process,
1:45
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Speaker 1 (04_LUGUE)
less process,
1:46
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Speaker 1 (04_LUGUE)
very every process,
1:47
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Speaker 1 (04_LUGUE)
both of the papers,
1:49
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Speaker 1 (04_LUGUE)
and more of the papers.
1:50
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Speaker 1 (04_LUGUE)
So, I'll discuss mo siya further sa mga susunod na slides.
1:53
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Speaker 1 (04_LUGUE)
So,
1:55
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Speaker 1 (04_LUGUE)
these are the essential denominators.
1:57
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Speaker 1 (04_LUGUE)
So,
1:58
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Speaker 1 (04_LUGUE)
sino ko sa magbasa?
1:59
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Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
Okay.
2:01
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Speaker 1 (04_LUGUE)
Essential genetic genes,
2:05
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Speaker 1 (04_LUGUE)
right?
2:05
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Speaker 1 (04_LUGUE)
I mean,
2:08
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Speaker 1 (04_LUGUE)
34 of each homodytus.
2:18
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Speaker 1 (04_LUGUE)
Two are the dominant
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Speaker 1 (04_LUGUE)
and under
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Speaker 1 (04_LUGUE)
complete.
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Speaker 1 (04_LUGUE)
So,
2:39
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Speaker 1 (04_LUGUE)
the phenotype.
2:40
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Speaker 1 (04_LUGUE)
So, yung phenotype,
2:41
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Speaker 1 (04_LUGUE)
guys, is 244.
3:14
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Speaker 1 (04_LUGUE)
Ano na yun?
3:15
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Speaker 1 (04_LUGUE)
Pinotide.
3:30
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Speaker 1 (04_LUGUE)
Heterozygous,
3:34
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Speaker 1 (04_LUGUE)
yun ito peasy color,
3:36
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Speaker 1 (04_LUGUE)
yun yung pinotide.
3:37
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Speaker 1 (04_LUGUE)
Meron na siyang description.
3:38
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Speaker 1 (04_LUGUE)
Homocygous is two identical alims.
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Speaker 1 (04_LUGUE)
So, ang ibig sabihin nga is makapareha sila.
3:44
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Speaker 1 (04_LUGUE)
So, itong example ng homocygous,
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Speaker 1 (04_LUGUE)
homocygous,
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Speaker 1 (04_LUGUE)
kasi two identical alims.
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Speaker 1 (04_LUGUE)
Well, yung heterozygous naman,
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Speaker 1 (04_LUGUE)
two different alims.
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Speaker 1 (04_LUGUE)
Ang example naman na is,
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Speaker 1 (04_LUGUE)
merito,
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Speaker 1 (04_LUGUE)
kasi magkaiba sila.
4:05
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Speaker 1 (04_LUGUE)
Siyempre yung dominant LA,
4:07
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Speaker 1 (04_LUGUE)
yung mga yung nasusunod iba sa mga
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Speaker 1 (04_LUGUE)
heterozygo tunay,
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Speaker 1 (04_LUGUE)
ang under -complete dominans.
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Speaker 1 (04_LUGUE)
Well yung recessive,
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Speaker 1 (04_LUGUE)
na -express lang siya kapag absent yung dominant na LA.
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Speaker 1 (04_LUGUE)
Kaya siya ba?
4:21
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Speaker 1 (04_LUGUE)
Nakakasunod pa ba?
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Speaker 1 (04_LUGUE)
Example,
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Speaker 4 (04_LUGUE)
yung PC Polar.
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Speaker 1 (04_LUGUE)
Yung crossed N -E's,
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Speaker 1 (04_LUGUE)
yung dominant cross F.
4:41
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Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
So,
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Speaker 1 (04_LUGUE)
ito yung example niya.
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Speaker 1 (04_LUGUE)
Ito yung F1
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Speaker 1 (04_LUGUE)
generation, ito yung nas -crossed nilang base na ilipang video nila.
4:53
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Speaker 1 (04_LUGUE)
First generation or 3DF1?
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Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
First generation.
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Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
3DF1.
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Speaker 1 (04_LUGUE)
Yung pinag -cross nila na yan,
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Speaker 1 (04_LUGUE)
ito yung naging result niya.
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Speaker 1 (04_LUGUE)
So, ibig sabihin 100 % na yellow yung magiging offspring nila.
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Speaker 1 (04_LUGUE)
Pinag -cross
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Speaker 1 (04_LUGUE)
nila, ito yung naging alak nila.
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Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
So,
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Speaker 1 (04_LUGUE)
ang behavior na yan.
6:16
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Speaker 4 (04_LUGUE)
To understand how traits passed from one living being to its descendants,
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Speaker 4 (04_LUGUE)
we need to go back in time to the 19th century, and a man named Gregor Mendel.
6:24
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Speaker 4 (04_LUGUE)
Mendel was an Austrian monk and a biologist who loved to work with plants.
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Speaker 4 (04_LUGUE)
By breeding the key plants he was growing in the monastery's garden,
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Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
he discovered the principles that rule heredity.
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Speaker 4 (04_LUGUE)
In one of the most classic examples, Mendel combined the pure-bred yellow-seeded plant
6:38
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Speaker 4 (04_LUGUE)
with the pure-bred green-seeded plant, and he got only yellow seeds.
6:41
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Speaker 4 (04_LUGUE)
He called the yellow-colored trait the dominant one,
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Speaker 4 (04_LUGUE)
because it was expressed in all the new seeds.
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Speaker 4 (04_LUGUE)
Then he let the new yellow -seeded hybrid plants self -verbalize.
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Speaker 4 (04_LUGUE)
And in this second generation,
6:51
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Speaker 4 (04_LUGUE)
he got both yellow and green seeds,
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Speaker 4 (04_LUGUE)
which meant that the green trait had been hidden by the dominant yellow.
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Speaker 4 (04_LUGUE)
He called this hidden trait the recessive trait.
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Speaker 4 (04_LUGUE)
From those results,
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Speaker 4 (04_LUGUE)
Mendel inferred that each trait depends on a pair of factors,
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Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
one of them coming from the mother and the other from the father.
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Speaker 4 (04_LUGUE)
Now he knows that these factors are called alleles and represent the different variations
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Speaker 4 (04_LUGUE)
of the gene.
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Speaker 4 (04_LUGUE)
Depending on which type of allele mental found in each seed,
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Speaker 4 (04_LUGUE)
we can have what we call homozygous P,
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Speaker 4 (04_LUGUE)
where both alleles are identical,
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Speaker 4 (04_LUGUE)
and what we call a heterozygous P,
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Speaker 4 (04_LUGUE)
when the two alleles aren't different.
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Speaker 4 (04_LUGUE)
This combination of alleles is known as phenotype,
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Speaker 4 (04_LUGUE)
and its result,
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Speaker 4 (04_LUGUE)
being yellow or green,
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Speaker 4 (04_LUGUE)
is called phenotype.
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Speaker 4 (04_LUGUE)
To quickly visualize how alleles are distributed amongst descendants,
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Speaker 4 (04_LUGUE)
we can use a diagram called the Punnett square.
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Speaker 4 (04_LUGUE)
You just place the different alleles on both axes,
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Speaker 4 (04_LUGUE)
and then you figure out the possible combinations.
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Speaker 4 (04_LUGUE)
Let's look at mental P's,
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Speaker 4 (04_LUGUE)
for example.
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Speaker 4 (04_LUGUE)
Let's write the dominant yellow allele as an upper case y,
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Speaker 4 (04_LUGUE)
and the recessive green allele as a lower case y.
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Speaker 4 (04_LUGUE)
The upper case y always overpowered his lower case friend,
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Speaker 4 (04_LUGUE)
so the only time you get green babies is if you have two lower case ys.
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Speaker 4 (04_LUGUE)
In the most first generation,
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Speaker 4 (04_LUGUE)
the yellow homozygous P -mom will give each P -kid the yellow dominant allele,
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Speaker 4 (04_LUGUE)
and the green homozygous P -dad will give a green recessive allele,
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Speaker 4 (04_LUGUE)
so all the P -kids will be yellow heterozygous.
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Speaker 4 (04_LUGUE)
Then, in the second generation,
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Speaker 4 (04_LUGUE)
where the two heterozygous kids marry,
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Speaker 4 (04_LUGUE)
their babies could have any of the three possible genotypes,
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Speaker 4 (04_LUGUE)
showing the two possible phenotypes in a three -to -one proportion.
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Speaker 4 (04_LUGUE)
But even peas have a lot of characteristics.
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Speaker 1 (04_LUGUE)
For example,
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Speaker 4 (04_LUGUE)
besides being yellow or green,
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Speaker 4 (04_LUGUE)
peas may be round or wrinkled.
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Speaker 4 (04_LUGUE)
So we could have all these possible combinations.
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Speaker 4 (04_LUGUE)
Round yellow peas,
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Speaker 4 (04_LUGUE)
round green peas,
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Speaker 4 (04_LUGUE)
wrinkled yellow peas,
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Speaker 4 (04_LUGUE)
and wrinkled green peas.
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Speaker 4 (04_LUGUE)
To categorize the proportions for each genotype and denotype,
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Speaker 4 (04_LUGUE)
we can use a punnet square too.
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Speaker 4 (04_LUGUE)
Of course,
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Speaker 4 (04_LUGUE)
this will make it a little more complex.
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Speaker 4 (04_LUGUE)
And lots of things are more complicated than peas,
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Speaker 4 (04_LUGUE)
like, say,
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Speaker 4 (04_LUGUE)
people.
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Speaker 4 (04_LUGUE)
These days,
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Speaker 4 (04_LUGUE)
scientists know a lot more about genetic variety.
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Speaker 4 (04_LUGUE)
And there are many other ways in which some characteristics are inherited,
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Speaker 4 (04_LUGUE)
but all starting with mental and speech.
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Speaker 1 (04_LUGUE)
HWC is only one alin.
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Speaker 1 (04_LUGUE)
Pertilisition refers to the pair of alins.
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Speaker 1 (04_LUGUE)
So, sabi ko sa low stabilization daw,
9:11
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Speaker 1 (04_LUGUE)
meron separate yung team during the week per picture.
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Speaker 1 (04_LUGUE)
Tapos yung sa HWC,
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Speaker 1 (04_LUGUE)
kakarabi ba siya ng isang alin.
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Speaker 1 (04_LUGUE)
Kunwari sa isang alin meron yung dopingan sa isang meseci.
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Speaker 1 (04_LUGUE)
At para mas maintindihan ko natin,
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Speaker 2 (04_LUGUE)
parang siya.
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Speaker 5 (04_LUGUE)
Menel's Law of Segregation effectively states that the permanent organisms
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Speaker 5 (04_LUGUE)
give one out of their two copies of a gene at
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Speaker 5 (04_LUGUE)
random to their offspring.
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Speaker 5 (04_LUGUE)
These copies of a gene are called alleles.
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Speaker 5 (04_LUGUE)
These alleles can either be dominant or recessive,
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Speaker 5 (04_LUGUE)
meaning that whenever an offspring inherits one of each,
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Speaker 5 (04_LUGUE)
the dominant allele will end up being expressed.
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Speaker 5 (04_LUGUE)
Organisms that carry the same alliants are called homocidus,
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Speaker 5 (04_LUGUE)
while organisms...
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Speaker 5 (04_LUGUE)
that carry different alleles are called heterosomies.
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Speaker 5 (04_LUGUE)
Parent organisms create sperm or egg cells through meiosis,
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Speaker 5 (04_LUGUE)
which contain half of their genome,
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Speaker 5 (04_LUGUE)
or in other words,
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Speaker 5 (04_LUGUE)
one allele for each particular gene.
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Speaker 5 (04_LUGUE)
Once the egg and sperm fuse together,
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Speaker 5 (04_LUGUE)
a new organism with a complete genome is created.
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Speaker 5 (04_LUGUE)
This new organism has therefore received one allele from its
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Speaker 5 (04_LUGUE)
mother and one from its father from each gene.
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Speaker 5 (04_LUGUE)
which a meal is given from the parent is always random.
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Speaker 5 (04_LUGUE)
If you want to learn more about animals to other boss,
10:35
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Speaker 5 (04_LUGUE)
check out here one of these videos.
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Speaker 5 (04_LUGUE)
It's right on the screen right now.
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Speaker 1 (04_LUGUE)
So, lahat ko ng dominant offspring nagbari ko sa parent na consistent sa
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Speaker 1 (04_LUGUE)
kamos -reduce dominant.
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Speaker 1 (04_LUGUE)
At saka pag ang parent nyo
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Speaker 1 (04_LUGUE)
naman is yung isa dominant yung isa recessive,
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Speaker 1 (04_LUGUE)
ang magiging anak nga is 50 % na
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Speaker 1 (04_LUGUE)
ang ratio na mapaproduce na is yung 1 to 1 ratio which is
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Speaker 1 (04_LUGUE)
yung 50 % na dominant 50 % na recessive.
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Speaker 1 (04_LUGUE)
Di -hybrid cross follows two genes simultaneously.
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Speaker 6 (04_LUGUE)
Example,
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Speaker 1 (04_LUGUE)
seed color and seed shape.
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Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
Cross...
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Speaker 1 (04_LUGUE)
Wag na natin yung sa akin.
15:58
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Speaker 1 (04_LUGUE)
Hindi,
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Speaker 1 (04_LUGUE)
go lang.
15:59
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Speaker 7 (04_LUGUE)
Cross,
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Speaker 1 (04_LUGUE)
YYR.
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Speaker 1 (04_LUGUE)
Pag kaiba sila,
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Speaker 1 (04_LUGUE)
gano 'n.
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Speaker 1 (04_LUGUE)
Heterocytos.
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Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
Heterocytos Y,
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Speaker 1 (04_LUGUE)
Heterocytos R.
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S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
Ano?
16:13
S…
Speaker 1 (04_LUGUE)
Tulitin natin,
16:15
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Speaker 1 (04_LUGUE)
siyempre din ang nagtitit.
16:16
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Speaker 1 (04_LUGUE)
Ano ang basa kapag ganito,
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Speaker 1 (04_LUGUE)
pag different alits?
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Speaker 1 (04_LUGUE)
Ano rin ang basa kapag pares silang pag -identical alits?
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Speaker 1 (04_LUGUE)
Homo.
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Speaker 1 (04_LUGUE)
Homozygous.
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Speaker 1 (04_LUGUE)
Dominal.
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Speaker 1 (04_LUGUE)
Ito naman.
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Speaker 1 (04_LUGUE)
Homozygous.
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Speaker 1 (04_LUGUE)
Dominal.
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Speaker 1 (04_LUGUE)
Ito naman.
16:33
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Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
Heterocytos.
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S…
Speaker 1 (04_LUGUE)
Heterocytos.
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Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
Ako mga muna.
16:50
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Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
Mag -grill tayo.
16:52
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
Pahirap ako ng word mo lang.
16:54
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Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
Nakaka -confused ko siyang why.
16:56
S…
Speaker 1 (04_LUGUE)
Alam
17:01
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Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
niyo naman, ito is,
17:03
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Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
these are the stick balls.
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Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
Taken together,
17:07
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Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
this is called.
17:07
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Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
No,
17:09
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Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
no, no.
17:10
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Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
I mean, ah,
17:11
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Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
hindi po na doon sa kung ano ang type ng deal.
17:15
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Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
Let's,
17:15
S…
Speaker 1 (04_LUGUE)
of course,
17:16
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Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
dig in po ano ang tabaw sa mong yan.
17:20
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Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
This is a genotype containing what?
17:23
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Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
Alleles,
17:26
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Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
yes.
17:26
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Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
So we have alleles which is taken together as?
17:29
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Speaker 1 (04_LUGUE)
Gene.
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Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
The gene.
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Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
And this gene contains two alleles.
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Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
These two alleles together would actually
17:46
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Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
pertain to the genotype.
17:47
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Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
This is a genotype.
17:50
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Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
Genotype for the genes.
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Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
Ito,
17:52
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Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
taken together.
17:54
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Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
It's called genotype for the
17:58
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Speaker 4 (04_LUGUE)
genes.
17:59
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Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
How many alleles are there?
18:02
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Speaker 1 (04_LUGUE)
Two.
18:03
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Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
How about this one?
18:04
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Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
Two.
18:05
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Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
Two.
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Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
Ngayon,
18:06
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Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
visually,
18:07
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Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
we can distinguish the two.
18:09
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Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
But how about it?
18:12
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Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
That's when the time,
18:13
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Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
it is quite natural.
18:15
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Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
That's why it is a recording of Kimle.
18:17
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Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
We are already training you on how to read properly the genes,
18:21
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Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
the alleles,
18:21
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Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
so that even if without the visuals,
18:24
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Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
we can actually determine kung ang mga ang pinupon.
18:28
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Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
Now,
18:29
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
if two alleles are different,
18:31
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
ano sabi ni Madam Kimle?
18:32
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
If genes are actually the same,
18:36
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
is this also almost like goose?
18:39
S…
Speaker 8 (04_LUGUE)
Yes.
18:42
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
For going through this one,
18:43
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
we have to consider kung ano yung may express na allele.
18:48
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
How many alleles are there?
18:49
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
2.
18:50
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
Alin sa alleles na po ang may express?
18:55
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
The dominant or the capital letter,
18:57
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
which is actually the dominant.
18:59
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
When the allele is actually visualized as capital
19:03
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
letter, we know that it's a dominant allele.
19:07
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
If it's a small letter,
19:08
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
it's a excessive allele.
19:10
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
So, how many types of allele are there in this
19:15
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
heterozygous allele?
19:16
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
Two.
19:18
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
How about this one?
19:19
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
One.
19:21
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
Only excessive allele.
19:24
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
Only recessive alleles.
19:26
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
Only one time.
19:27
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
But how many alleles?
19:28
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
Very good.
19:31
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
So how many time?
19:32
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
How many alleles?
19:35
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
Are there recessive alleles?
19:37
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
May nakikita ba kayong recessive allel?
19:41
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
Wala.
19:42
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
Hindi ko marine.
19:44
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
Lakasan niyo.
19:45
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
Wala.
19:48
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
Okay.
19:49
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
If I'm going to read this one,
19:51
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
how am I going to read this one?
19:52
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
Homos -dibus -anils.
19:55
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
Homos -dibus -anils.
19:57
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
Homos -dibus -anils.
19:58
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
However...
20:00
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
Kapag pinanglit natin yun,
20:01
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
hindi pa rin natin ang visualizing.
20:03
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
So, ano rin yung mabungkoy natin?
20:04
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
Nakakamihan.
20:06
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
Kasi we are just describing the allele,
20:08
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
whether it's homozygous or heterozygous.
20:12
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
That's why it is also necessary to know which alleles
20:16
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
are dominant and which alleles are recessive.
20:19
S…
Speaker 7 (04_LUGUE)
Now,
20:20
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
let's say A is represented by,
20:22
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
actually,
20:23
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
pwede yung star nyo,
20:24
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
chaka -hearted.
20:25
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
Again,
20:26
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
for visual purposes na.
20:27
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
Sabihin na lang natin na ang A is white.
20:31
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
I mean,
20:35
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
kung dominant A is actually white,
20:38
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
and recessive A is kind of orange.
20:43
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
Kasi representation lang.
20:44
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
Again, it doesn't matter kalo nila -represent ko,
20:47
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
basta mag -define siya para sa math.
20:49
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
Diba?
20:49
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
Any letters.
20:51
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
But as long as these symbols are actually defined.
20:55
S…
Speaker 7 (04_LUGUE)
Now,
20:56
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
let's say these are actually the traits for
21:00
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
the different alleles.
21:01
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
For the dominant alleles,
21:02
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
white.
21:03
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
For the recessive alleles,
21:04
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
orange.
21:05
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
And we are pertaining to the allele follower.
21:09
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
What is the gene?
21:11
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
Peel color.
21:12
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
Fine.
21:15
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
Among these,
21:16
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
magigrill tayo ha.
21:19
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
Alin dyan ang jean.
21:21
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
Alin
21:27
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
ang jean.
21:28
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
Ano
21:34
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
dyan ang jean?
21:34
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
Jean color.
21:35
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
Very good!
21:39
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
Okay,
21:40
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
very sarang sya na jean.
21:43
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
Anong jean colors?
21:45
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
Ay,
21:47
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
sorry. Anong jean colors?
21:48
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
Ano ang jean?
21:49
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
Peel colors.
21:50
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
What are the alleles for the jeans?
21:57
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
White, orange,
21:58
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
or the dominant A,
21:59
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
or the recessive A,
22:00
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
or the dominant A,
22:01
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
white, recessive A,
22:02
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
orange,
22:04
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
okay?
22:04
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
Napakadami,
22:05
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
no? Pero,
22:06
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
standard,
22:06
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
standard,
22:08
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
kapag ito
22:12
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
ay i -express na,
22:13
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
this would be kung anong klaseng trait ang
22:18
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
ma -express.
22:20
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
Pakibasa na itong allyl na ito.
22:25
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
Heterozygous allele.
22:27
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
Pero dahil gusto natin itagdagong anong kasing trait,
22:30
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
ano ba ang ma -express sa gene pairs na to,
22:33
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
sa alleles na ito?
22:34
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
Ano ma -express?
22:35
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
The dominant A or the Y trait.
22:40
S…
Speaker 7 (04_LUGUE)
So,
22:41
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
we're going to read this one as heterozygous dominant
22:45
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
ones.
22:47
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
Okay,
22:49
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
yes?
22:49
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
Heterozygous dominant ones.
22:57
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
Homocytus recessive orange
23:01
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
Homocytus dominant
23:07
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
orange Let's
23:11
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
just for us to really know and
23:15
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
to really have a standard reading
23:20
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
of these genes of these genes which
23:25
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
these gene pairs
23:27
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
would actually or would eventually express only
23:32
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
one trait.
23:33
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
That is if we are going to follow the dominant part,
23:35
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
the law of dominants.
23:37
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
Now always,
23:38
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
kung may dominant allele,
23:41
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
may express and only the recessive allele
23:45
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
will be expressed if these alleles are actually both
23:49
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
recessive.
23:50
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
Did he guess?
23:51
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
Papahirapan ko tayo.
23:54
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
Masa akin.
24:09
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
Sabay-sabay, nakasal, sabay-sabay!
24:12
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
Eterocytus Dominant White
24:17
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
Eterocytus Nessie Orange
24:21
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
Eterocytus Dominant White
24:25
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
Eterocytus Dominant White
24:28
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
May itinigyan
24:33
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
niyo ba?
24:33
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
Mamababa?
24:34
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
Opo!
24:36
S…
Speaker 6 (04_LUGUE)
Opo!
24:37
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
Okay!
24:38
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
So, successfully,
24:39
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
Basically, ganito
24:40
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
May natin babasahin ang mga ito.
24:43
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
Pero ito kasi,
24:44
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
ano ba yung Y?
24:46
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
So ano yung capital Y?
24:49
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
Ganito, dito kasi hindi nakalagay.
24:52
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
Pero of course, merong yun yun yung sabihin.
24:56
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
So andyan yung kanyang ibig sabihin.
25:00
S…
Speaker 1 (04_LUGUE)
Basta,
25:00
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
you just follow the conventions.
25:03
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
This is actually our convention and we're going to standardize
25:07
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
how we actually read genes and alleles side by side.
25:11
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
Naiintindihan nyo ba mga bata?
25:14
S…
Speaker 8 (04_LUGUE)
Oo.
25:15
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
And
25:27
S…
Speaker 1 (04_LUGUE)
galing tayo ng tutoring namin dito ulit.
25:30
S…
Speaker 2 (04_LUGUE)
So,
25:30
S…
Speaker 1 (04_LUGUE)
ano naman ba sa dito?
25:32
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
Nakikita.
25:41
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
Pwede basahin sa Offspring is that those alleles
25:46
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
are actually,
25:47
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
these are the possibilities.
25:49
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
I think ituturo muna
25:53
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
natin kung paano ito gawin.
25:55
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
Ito.
25:56
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
May shortcut ito,
25:59
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
which is not included here in the report of healing.
26:02
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
Pero ituturo ko pa sa kanilang kung ano ma -arive ito.
26:09
S…
Speaker 7 (04_LUGUE)
Okay.
26:10
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
The
26:14
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
parents would actually...
26:17
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
Ito,
26:18
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
P.
26:19
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
These are actually represented by the parents.
26:21
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
Pakibasahin na natin kung ano yung
26:25
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
traits ng parents.
26:27
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
Ay,
26:30
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
hindi na naman kayo nang babasah!
26:41
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
Ang net.
26:42
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
Nakasal nyo nga.
26:43
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
Hindi ko maunga.
26:45
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
Ang net.
26:46
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
Ang net.
26:46
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
Nakasal nyo nga. Hindi ko maunga. Ang net.
26:49
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
Nakasal nyo nga.
26:51
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
Recessive ba nga?
26:52
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
Makikita nga?
26:53
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
Teka lang.
26:56
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
Ano ang dominant dito?
26:57
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
Yellow ano?
26:58
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
Kasi yun yung mas marami.
27:00
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
And then,
27:01
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
Teka lang.
27:02
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
Yellow ang dominant.
27:05
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
Green ang recessive.
27:08
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
Wrinkled ang dominant.
27:12
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
Which is the...
27:13
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
capital R,
27:15
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
and then green,
27:17
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
wrinkled,
27:18
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
wrinkled,
27:21
S…
Speaker 8 (04_LUGUE)
wrinkled,
27:22
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
wrinkled,
27:23
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
kasi kanyan?
27:24
S…
Speaker 1 (04_LUGUE)
Pignan na pa ako sa pignan
27:26
S…
Speaker 1 (04_LUGUE)
Kasi yung ratio pa na may
27:29
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
Kasi dikong binan dito
27:32
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
Kasi dikong binan dito
27:33
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
Kasi dikong binan dito
27:35
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
Wait na, sorry, I missed
27:43
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
Excited na siya
27:45
S…
Speaker 5 (04_LUGUE)
Talaga
27:46
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
Okay, okay, okay
27:47
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
Kasi, marilito kayo dito kasi mix na itong phenotype na to.
27:51
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
So,
27:52
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
round.
27:52
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
Tama,
27:54
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
no? Round is actually dominant.
27:56
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
Tama.
27:58
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
Mas marami ang one,
28:00
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
no? Ang round.
28:02
S…
Speaker 6 (04_LUGUE)
And then,
28:02
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
wrinkled.
28:03
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
May ka -refer,
28:04
S…
Speaker 3 (04_LUGUE)
three skulls na lang yun.
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