Eemods 20.05 10h

Jun 06, 2026 08:49 · 26:47 · English · Whisper Turbo · 3 স্পিকার
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0:02
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
So,
0:03
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
already this morning,
0:04
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
used in the IEC Research International,
0:07
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
Lili Barberwitz works for Energy
0:11
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
Consulting and she
0:15
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
has actually a Bachelor of
0:20
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
Science in Google Physics and Mathematics from RPI
0:24
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
in the US and she's a...
0:30
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
a student programmer and analyst.
0:32
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
She was in the team of programming and analysis of testing
0:36
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
data.
0:36
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
She has a strong background in computational mathematics and physics.
0:40
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
Her applications range from radio projects for
0:44
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
Air Force Office in Scientific Research to work on the ENERGISTAR
0:49
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
program for the U .S.
0:50
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
EPA.
0:51
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
And her key additional clients include the
0:55
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
National Resources Canada,
0:56
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
Air Resources and also E -Six Utility.
1:02
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
Key efficiency analysis areas for her are pumps,
1:06
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
lighting and connected cameras.
1:08
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
One
1:21
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
fun
1:50
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
fact is that
1:54
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
the results you're going to see are based on test
1:58
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
results or measurements which Sandy conducted during
2:03
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
our Robin Robinson virtual measurement initiative during all of
2:07
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
that.
2:28
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
This is Paolo,
2:32
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
I can share the screen and then I'll leave you to
2:36
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
Andrea to moderate it.
2:44
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
Thank you for getting help.
3:07
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
Where is she in the phone room?
3:09
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
No,
3:10
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
New York.
3:10
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
Only six hours.
3:22
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
No, it's not.
3:23
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
No, it's good.
3:23
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
Perfect.
3:24
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
Not yet.
3:25
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
I think I'll go from this screen.
3:29
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
You go to the bottom right.
3:30
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
The bottom right is this small icon.
3:32
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
Ready?
3:34
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
Get it on the left.
3:35
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
There.
3:37
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
Look in there.
3:38
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
She's sharing the wrong screen.
3:42
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
Now you have to change the screen.
3:44
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
Sorry.
3:45
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
And then say close presenter view.
3:56
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
Yeah, I think I'd better go with this video post
4:00
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
than mine.
4:01
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
Sorry about that.
4:01
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
No, I can tell you.
4:03
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
Go in presentation mode again.
4:04
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
Ah,
4:07
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
here
4:12
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
I am.
4:12
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
Yeah,
4:14
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
that's perfect.
4:15
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
Okay.
4:17
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
Nice.
4:19
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
Did it.
4:21
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
I gave already the introduction.
4:23
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
And so we can go.
4:26
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
That sounds
4:30
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
perfect.
4:31
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
Alrighty.
4:31
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
Well, thank you for wearing with me on that.
4:34
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
All righty,
4:35
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
so I'll dive into it then.
4:36
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
So this is a paper that we put together
4:41
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
with Andrea's support
4:45
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
and Jenny Nielsen's support sending us the data set.
4:48
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
So this analysis is based on the
4:53
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
round -robin of converters data set,
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S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
one line per drive.
5:00
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
to have sort of a filtered version of the original
5:04
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
RRC data set.
5:05
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
So there aren't difficulties in this.
5:08
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
And thanks for sending us them for preparing that for us.
5:12
S… Speaker 2 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
So let me just think about,
5:15
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
I might have to compress this a little bit just from the time.
5:19
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
So really the biggest points here,
5:22
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
if folks are used to IDC 61800,
5:28
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
A lot of the IC methods have relied on testing
5:32
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
up to the 9 ,100 point.
5:34
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
And that has its advantages and
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S… Speaker 2 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
downsides.
5:38
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
But really,
5:40
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
the goal of this paper was to see just how much
5:45
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
we could rely on the 9 ,100 point in the context
5:49
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
of 50 hertz equipment.
5:54
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
And we do use a couple methods or techniques here to try
5:58
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
to understand what the CVMs are doing a
6:02
S… Speaker 2 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
little bit more closely.
6:03
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
So method one is a way
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S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
to try to disaggregate what the PWM method
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S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
is at the 50 -100 point.
6:15
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
And then we also use the technique that we've been messing
6:19
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
with in the US side.
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S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
at 90 hundreds to see if you can separate out third
6:26
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
harmonic ejection or not.
6:27
S… Speaker 3 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
So just
6:31
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
a brief note here.
6:33
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
So we talked about this a little bit.
6:34
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
There is sort of a companion or a complementary analysis
6:40
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
for U .S.
6:41
S… Speaker 2 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
equipment.
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S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
And I will actually do that later on.
6:45
S… Speaker 2 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
And actually we'll find some interesting differences.
6:49
S… Speaker 3 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
So first thing,
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S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
we do have to filter the data set.
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S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
We decided let's group everything
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S… Speaker 2 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
to be EU -centric.
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S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
So we filtered it down to 400 volts in.
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S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
We wanted to make sure that we were looking at the 5100
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S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
point and 50 hertz and 25 hertz.
7:14
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
There were some drives that were missing,
7:19
S… Speaker 2 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
so fundamental,
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S… Speaker 2 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
voltage fundamental.
7:22
S… Speaker 2 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
We do rely on that,
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S… Speaker 2 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
so we can look at those.
7:27
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
And then there was a couple items that were,
7:30
S… Speaker 2 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
you know, been in the weeds,
7:31
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
but we had one product for the third year.
7:33
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
Displacement power factor that just didn't make sense for the motor,
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S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
so that got filtered for data quality.
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S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
And also a couple of products with some unusually
7:44
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
high data quality issue type
7:49
S… Speaker 2 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
modulating indexes.
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S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
So those all got filtered.
7:54
S… Speaker 2 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
We dropped down to 25.
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S… Speaker 3 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
And then we do
8:03
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
have to calculate some intermediate quantities.
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S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
So we start with displacement power factor,
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S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
real power,
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S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
and your output voltage,
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S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
RMS,
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S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
fundamental voltage,
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S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
current RMS.
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S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
And we use a few identities to get down to the
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S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
estimated harmonic current.
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S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
So you can calculate the current power factor,
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S… Speaker 2 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
or I'm sorry,
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S… Speaker 2 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
you can calculate the current power,
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S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
true power factor,
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S… Speaker 2 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
distortion factor,
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S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
TFCI,
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S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
and then finally the harmonic curve.
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S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
So it's just a few identities that you ended
8:43
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
up walking through.
8:44
S… Speaker 3 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
So
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S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
this is the other piece.
8:50
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
All of the tools that we're using rely on
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S… Speaker 2 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
the modulation index.
8:57
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
So the one that I'm using here is based on the
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S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
voltage transfer ratio.
9:05
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
Sometimes you'll see as voltage transfer efficiency,
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S… Speaker 2 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
VTE.
9:08
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
But for the linear region,
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S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
sine PWM has 0 .612.
9:16
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
And this is just kind of default efficiency moving voltage
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S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
from the VC plus to output.
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S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
Fundamental.
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S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
This is something you can rely on until you get to the over -modulated region,
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S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
so it's pretty consistent.
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S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
On the right -hand side here is just a block
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S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
showing this section here is
9:40
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
sine pwn modulating indexes for the products
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S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
that we filter down to.
9:47
S… Speaker 3 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
I'm sorry,
9:49
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
space factor in this lower section.
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S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
Upper section is sine pwn,
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S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
which has higher modulating indexes.
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S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
on your tax provision.
10:01
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
So we'll see that later on,
10:03
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
and we do use this modulating index quite a bit.
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S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
The other thing is,
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S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
until you classify the product,
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S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
you don't really know which modulating index is right for it,
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S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
so you just have to calculate the code.
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S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
So
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S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
this is really the bar of method one.
10:25
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
So about 20 years ago,
10:28
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
it's a bit of a deep dive.
10:30
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
There's this formula for the
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S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
harmonic distortion.
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S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
factor and it's it equates the modulating index
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S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
to the harmonic current produced
10:46
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
in the output side of the pdf so you have your cdm output cables
10:51
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
and motor side and this is this is basically
10:55
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
the i hope you want to call it the non
10:59
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
-work producing current as a feature
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S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
of the modulation scheme or pw method
11:08
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
And really,
11:09
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
the derivations are pretty extensive,
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S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
but what it really boils down to,
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S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
the sine PWM just is not as effective
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S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
at a moving voltage,
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S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
and it causes more harmonics.
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S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
And so at this 5 ,100
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S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
point, you can expect just from the PWM
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S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
definitions that you're going to have,
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S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
if it's sine PWM,
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S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
15 % more.
11:44
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
And you can calculate this for anywhere in the linear region,
11:47
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
but since the IEC test procedure,
11:50
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
you can go down to 25,
11:53
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
but at that point,
11:57
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
it's pretty close together.
11:58
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
And if you go too far out,
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S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
you can overmodulate it.
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S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
So 5050 and 5100 are the points where this is
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S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
the most powerful.
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S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
And then one thing you do notice is that you do have to use different modulating
12:13
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
indexes for sine pw versus a space vector.
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S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
So it actually sort of emphasizes this difference a bit more.
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S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
So
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S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
given that factor,
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S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
you can take all the products.
12:29
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
We estimate the originals of an unadjusted
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S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
harmonic permant time arm.
12:35
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
And then we can actually apply this adjustment
12:39
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
factor in both directions.
12:41
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
So we haven't categorized the products yet.
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S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
We just know it's a product.
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S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
And you can increase and decrease the estimated
12:50
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
harmonic current and then re -divide it by the fundamental
12:54
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
current to get some new HDIs.
12:58
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
And really the goal there is just to try to push things out
13:02
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
of the population to spot if
13:06
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
you were starting with a lot of harmonics and then you can increase.
13:10
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
it'll push it out of the usual range.
13:12
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
And so you can classify a product as sine
13:17
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
pw, and in that case,
13:18
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
if you're running high in harmonics,
13:21
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
and if you're running low,
13:23
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
then you can classify it as a big factor.
13:25
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
So it's a bit of a blunt instrument type
13:29
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
method.
13:30
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
But as I move to the next slide,
13:33
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
you can see it actually is reasonably effective.
13:35
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
So we classified
13:40
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
everything.
13:41
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
In general,
13:42
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
you can tell the products fairly quickly
13:47
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
that are signed PWM.
13:49
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
They have just extremely high THBIs
13:54
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
compared to the bulk of the population.
13:57
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
Similarly,
13:59
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
you can typically spot products that are space
14:04
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
vector or third -party injection capable.
14:06
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
There is some middle ground where
14:11
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
it is
14:13
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
I would say it's hard to tell,
14:14
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
although realistically,
14:16
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
these are likely thermoponic injection.
14:19
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
They're just right on the edge of the limit
14:24
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
that I was using,
14:25
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
so I figured it was safer to classify them as indeterminate
14:31
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
to be safe.
14:32
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
With that said,
14:33
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
when we did this,
14:34
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
we've seen about 40%,
14:36
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
at least,
14:37
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
of the products tested.
14:41
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
have third harmonic capability.
14:43
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
So that was a nice finding.
14:45
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
We've heard over the years that it's becoming much
14:49
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
more common than your default drive for
14:54
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
just about any application,
14:55
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
and it feels good to see that confirmed.
14:57
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
The other thing...
15:00
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
just a side note modulation index does run ahead and
15:04
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
sign PWM exactly like it is 5 .6 at
15:08
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
5100.
15:09
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
153 is this vector.
15:12
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
Now you can use that to refine things a little bit at
15:16
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
data, but really the biggest finding here is just that there's a decent
15:20
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
share of third harmonic capable equipment.
15:22
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
So
15:28
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
method two.
15:30
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
This one,
15:31
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
I will say,
15:33
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
is a lot more effective in the U .S.
15:35
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
side of the fence.
15:36
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
One of the things that we ran into
15:40
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
when trying to use the IEC tools to project out to 100 -100 is
15:46
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
that we noticed the expected voltage drops and things like that,
15:49
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
expected behavior between 90 -100 and
15:54
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
100 -100.
15:58
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
30 -40 % of products,
16:01
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
the IDC tools worked fairly well,
16:03
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
and the rest of the products did not fit that well.
16:06
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
On the other hand,
16:08
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
what we see in the IDC 50Hz side of the fence,
16:12
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
which I'll get into shortly,
16:13
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
is it did work a lot better for those products.
16:17
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
So by the way,
16:20
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
we did filter everything down to 400V.
16:22
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
At 400V,
16:27
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
DC bus one way through five times the input
16:32
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
voltage.
16:32
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
You can derive the sort
16:37
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
of maximum fundamental voltage that you can get out of the product.
16:41
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
Signed PWM has a,
16:44
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
it runs into O modulation more
16:49
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
quickly.
16:49
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
So
16:54
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
the theory behind this technique is
16:58
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
You can inspect some drives are operating at points where sine
17:02
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
T WM can't reach.
17:03
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
So
17:07
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
that's the goal.
17:09
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
So
17:13
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
here's when
17:19
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
you apply the technique.
17:20
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
Red lines,
17:21
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
or red dots here,
17:22
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
are the entire data set with the
17:27
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
estimated sine.
17:35
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
So you start with things uncategorized.
17:39
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
And then from there,
17:41
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
you're looking for anything that crosses this boundary really
17:46
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
can alleviate you with their harmonic injection.
17:48
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
And I say this is more exciting in
17:52
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
US products,
17:55
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
because when we look at it in 50 Hertz products,
17:58
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
There's actually only two points that
18:03
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
even hit this maximum fundamental frequency
18:07
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
line from the space vector
18:11
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
perspective.
18:12
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
So really,
18:14
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
as far as the sine p wm is concerned,
18:16
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
everything is achievable with sine p wm still.
18:20
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
I will say that as you get close
18:24
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
to this 1 .15 threshold,
18:27
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
that's where things get really tough for sine pw
18:31
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
modulating.
18:32
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
So I would say products tend to try to slow down.
18:36
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
And even before that,
18:39
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
you're still getting a decent amount of square wave saturation.
18:42
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
So these products at the
18:46
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
far right -hand side,
18:48
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
in all likelihood,
18:49
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
are going to be thermo -harmonic injection capable,
18:54
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
simply because you don't want to push a
18:57
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
sign PWM drive quite this hard.
19:00
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
Not that C can't do it,
19:03
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
but they're not likely to have products.
19:05
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
Here you would expect these to be their problem in connection.
19:08
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
Also what we see in the US data and
19:12
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
in general, products that tend to have very low fundamental output
19:16
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
voltage tend to be sign PWM.
19:20
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
So correlation,
19:23
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
not causation there.
19:24
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
And the reason I thought this
19:28
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
out is
19:31
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
I compared what I was seeing in the 50 hertz,
19:35
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
100 and a half a point,
19:36
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
versus the 460 about 60
19:41
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
hertz, 100 and a half a point.
19:42
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
And so in the US side of the fence,
19:45
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
you actually have quite a few products that are operating well
19:50
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
past the sine BWM threshold.
19:52
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
So that was an interesting finding is that products
19:57
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
serving the EMA for ice.
20:00
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
tend not to be over -modulating or
20:05
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
operating in this sort of mortality region as much.
20:09
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
Now,
20:12
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
this is the 100 -100 point,
20:13
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
to be fair.
20:14
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
So there you can see a lot of two points that are classified with this process.
20:18
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
And a few things that are kind of close to the boundaries that you can
20:23
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
say with certainty,
20:24
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
maybe three or four of these products would be classified
20:28
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
as space vector here.
20:31
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
whereas in the U .S.
20:33
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
side of the power pit,
20:34
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
this plant cloud actually is about 40 %
20:38
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
of the products.
20:39
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
So we definitely found that the 5100 technique was
20:43
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
more effective for IDC equipment.
20:46
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
I would say that was the biggest finding right
20:50
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
there, is that when you go to IDC's
20:54
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
calculation tools,
20:56
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
where it expects a certain amount of voltage drop,
21:02
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
We are thinking on the U .S.
21:05
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
side that there's really some layers to that.
21:07
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
That the 10 % fundamental voltage drop used in IC
21:12
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
is fairly accurate for a lot of 400 volt
21:16
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
50 hertz products.
21:17
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
It actually seems to be about what we're seeing there.
21:20
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
And I would suspect it's because a lot of these motors are
21:24
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
rated for 380 to 430 volt.
21:29
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
So in a sense,
21:30
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
having products running at this 380 volt RMS
21:36
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
input voltage is not that bad for it.
21:39
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
Whereas in NEMA,
21:41
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
we actually see a lot of drives that are willing to push
21:46
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
all the way to 440,
21:48
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
445,
21:49
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
even 450 RMS input voltage.
21:53
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
It's a different philosophical difference.
21:55
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
I'll
22:00
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
go back to the summary.
22:02
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
One is just,
22:04
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
is this technique useful?
22:05
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
So the HDF method,
22:08
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
were we able to classify things?
22:10
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
Yes.
22:11
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
I would say about 80 % of
22:15
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
the products could be classified.
22:17
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
And we were able to determine
22:21
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
that at least 40 % of the RRC data set had their carbonic capability.
22:26
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
So we found that to be a useful finding that we find it running
22:30
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
out.
22:32
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
The other side of it is the 90,
22:35
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
100, 100 classification technique useful
22:39
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
in the U .S.
22:41
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
very much.
22:42
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
In the IC product world,
22:45
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
not as much.
22:46
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
Products have a lot more repair.
22:48
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
So that was an interesting result,
22:51
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
which I was really meaning.
22:53
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
For
22:59
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
folks that are interested,
23:00
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
these are GSPF questions.
23:03
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
I did mention that they are a function of the modulating index.
23:06
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
The derivations of these are fairly complex,
23:09
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
but they are very useful.
23:11
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
Much thank you to Ahava
23:16
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
and RJ Kirkman for doing this work about 20
23:20
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
years ago.
23:20
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
By the way,
23:22
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
sine PWM is always on its own.
23:26
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
Space vector and third harmonic differ only
23:30
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
by all.
23:32
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
So everything is represented by this one.
23:36
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
So
23:41
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
that is the bulk of that.
23:43
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
I can open up for questions if those have anything that you're interested
23:47
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
to ask about.
23:48
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
But thank you for having me.
23:50
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
Thank
23:56
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
you, Lily.
23:56
S… Speaker 2 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
I think you're here as well.
24:01
S… Speaker 2 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
Questions from the audience?
24:03
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
One
24:09
S… Speaker 2 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
question I had just right now.
24:14
S… Speaker 2 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
The reason why on the IEC we are
24:18
S… Speaker 2 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
talking about the 90 -100 point is that according
24:24
S… Speaker 2 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
to manufacturers in the standardization group,
24:27
S… Speaker 2 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
they want to avoid the 100 -100 point
24:31
S… Speaker 2 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
because they're starting to have flux weakening.
24:34
S… Speaker 2 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
Can you confirm that?
24:36
S… Speaker 2 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
If you look at the data,
24:38
S… Speaker 2 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
so it's actually slide 11.
24:43
S… Speaker 2 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
There's not,
24:44
S… Speaker 2 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
we cannot say that there's no field weakening.
24:47
S… Speaker 2 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
It's just what you say is sine PWM
24:52
S… Speaker 2 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
probably uses third harmonic injection,
24:55
S… Speaker 2 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
which is not yet.
24:55
S… Speaker 2 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
It's a little bit of old modulation.
24:58
S… Speaker 2 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
It's not field weakening.
24:59
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
Yeah,
25:02
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
yeah, I'm coming on that.
25:03
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
So what this sine PWM definition is,
25:07
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
is pure sine PWM with no
25:11
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
third harmonic injection.
25:14
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
And then the equipment that can do third harmonic injection is
25:18
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
covered in the THI envelope.
25:21
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
So THI is a fixed factor.
25:23
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
It has a lot more capability.
25:26
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
So in this sense,
25:28
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
you could easily go up to 370,
25:31
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
380.
25:33
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
380 volts RMS with that DC plus value and
25:38
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
still be in the linear region.
25:40
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
So you do have a lot of extra capability there.
25:43
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
That said,
25:46
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
the products,
25:46
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
I think about the 40 % or so of products that we assume
25:50
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
are signed PWM,
25:52
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
they're over -modulated pretty heavily at this point
25:56
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
because we start over -modulating.
26:10
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
you start over -modulating right here,
26:12
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
and rapidly,
26:15
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
and does it worsen your signal.
26:17
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
But you have quite a bit of saturation at that point.
26:20
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
Yeah,
26:25
S… Speaker 2 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
that was one thing I was,
26:26
S… Speaker 2 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
that's a rather context diagram here,
26:28
S… Speaker 2 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
I had to compare the exchange over twice a minute to get
26:33
S… Speaker 1 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
it done.
26:33
S… Speaker 2 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
Okay?
26:34
S… Speaker 2 (Eemods 20.05 10h)
Any other questions?

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