18_Track_18

Jul 26, 2026 16:49 · 2:21 · English · Whisper Turbo · 2 Wasemaji

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Index YA TAA

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Test 2.

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Listening.

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Section 4.

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Now listen and answer questions 35 to

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40.

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If its use in trousers was

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a major factor in establishing the zip as a fashion icon,

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despite its occasional tendency to trap parts of the wearer's anatomy,

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another major breakthrough came with the separable zip,

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the kind that opens at both ends.

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This type,

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still widely used in a range of items,

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from jackets to tents,

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is shown in the diagram.

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Let's look first at the right -hand side of the illustration,

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at the material attached to the item of clothing,

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the bag,

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or whatever.

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This is the tape,

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which is usually made of fairly tough fabric.

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At the end of that,

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there's what is known as the heat seal patch,

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the cotton and nylon laminated material used to reinforce the tape.

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Now,

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alongside the heat seal patch is a small piece of metal used

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only on a separating zip.

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whose function is to enable the two halves of the zip to join.

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This is known as the pin.

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Opposite that,

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on the other half of the zip in the diagram,

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is a device which correctly aligns the pin.

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The box,

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as it's called,

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begins the joining of the zip halves.

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Running up the inside edge of each half are dozens,

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possibly hundreds,

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of metal teeth,

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each of which has a small hook and an equally tiny hollow.

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Moving up and down the teeth to open and close the zip is a piece of metal

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called the slider.

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This is operated by means of a pull tab,

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so called,

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because logically enough,

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the wearer or user pulls it in one direction or the other.

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To close the zip,

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a wedge inside the slider pushes the hook of each tooth on one side

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into the hollow of each offset tooth on the other.

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To open it,

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the wedge forces them apart.

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To prevent the slider coming off the teeth at the other end,

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there is a top stop on both sides of the zip.

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This basic design has changed little in the many years since it

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was first introduced,

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although nowadays,

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of course, zips,

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zippers,

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are available in a whole range of shapes,

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sizes,

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and materials.

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That

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is the end of test two.

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