Screen Recording 2026-04-02 at 8.45.02 AM
Apr 02, 2026 13:46
· 4:25
· English
· Whisper Turbo
· 1 غږوونکي
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Speaker 1 (Screen Recording 2026-04-02 at 8.45.02 AM)
So these classifications are based on the shape or the function of the different bones of the body.
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Speaker 1 (Screen Recording 2026-04-02 at 8.45.02 AM)
So the first one we're going to talk about here are long bones, which I just mentioned earlier.
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Speaker 1 (Screen Recording 2026-04-02 at 8.45.02 AM)
Long bones are the longest bones in the body.
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Speaker 1 (Screen Recording 2026-04-02 at 8.45.02 AM)
They are longer than they are wide.
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Speaker 1 (Screen Recording 2026-04-02 at 8.45.02 AM)
And these bones are mostly found within the apodicular skeleton, like the femur and the humerus, for example.
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Speaker 1 (Screen Recording 2026-04-02 at 8.45.02 AM)
And these are responsible for acting as levers for movement.
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Speaker 1 (Screen Recording 2026-04-02 at 8.45.02 AM)
So we have muscles that are going to go across these joints that are formed by these different long bones.
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Speaker 1 (Screen Recording 2026-04-02 at 8.45.02 AM)
And as these muscles contract, it will allow those joints to move and therefore those body parts to move.
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Speaker 1 (Screen Recording 2026-04-02 at 8.45.02 AM)
Next, we have sesamoid bones.
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Speaker 1 (Screen Recording 2026-04-02 at 8.45.02 AM)
And sesamoid bones are a little special because we're actually not born with them.
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Speaker 1 (Screen Recording 2026-04-02 at 8.45.02 AM)
They actually develop within tendons over time due to repeated wear and tear.
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Speaker 1 (Screen Recording 2026-04-02 at 8.45.02 AM)
So a good example of this is the patella.
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Speaker 1 (Screen Recording 2026-04-02 at 8.45.02 AM)
So a little bit of a fun fact, babies are actually born without kneecaps.
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Speaker 1 (Screen Recording 2026-04-02 at 8.45.02 AM)
And what happens is as the baby grows up and continues to use their legs and maybe they start walking,
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Speaker 1 (Screen Recording 2026-04-02 at 8.45.02 AM)
that puts some stress on some of the tendons and the joints around the knee area.
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Speaker 1 (Screen Recording 2026-04-02 at 8.45.02 AM)
And what happens between the ages of three and six, the patella begin to ossify.
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Speaker 1 (Screen Recording 2026-04-02 at 8.45.02 AM)
And as these bones are fully formed and developed, they're going to protect the tendon from any wear and tear.
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Speaker 1 (Screen Recording 2026-04-02 at 8.45.02 AM)
And they're also going to adjust the angle at which the tendon glides over the bone or over the joint in order to facilitate movement.
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Speaker 1 (Screen Recording 2026-04-02 at 8.45.02 AM)
Next, we have flat bones.
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Speaker 1 (Screen Recording 2026-04-02 at 8.45.02 AM)
And flat bones, as name implies, are flat and relatively thin.
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Speaker 1 (Screen Recording 2026-04-02 at 8.45.02 AM)
They're often curved and they function to protect vital organs.
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Speaker 1 (Screen Recording 2026-04-02 at 8.45.02 AM)
So for example, the sternum, the breastbone that is found in the middle of the chest,
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Speaker 1 (Screen Recording 2026-04-02 at 8.45.02 AM)
the heart is sitting right here.
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Speaker 1 (Screen Recording 2026-04-02 at 8.45.02 AM)
So it does provide some protection to some of the organs that are found in the thoracic cavity like the heart.
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Speaker 1 (Screen Recording 2026-04-02 at 8.45.02 AM)
Another good example of flat bones are the bones that make up the cranial cavity
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Speaker 1 (Screen Recording 2026-04-02 at 8.45.02 AM)
that are going to go ahead and protect the brain.
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Speaker 1 (Screen Recording 2026-04-02 at 8.45.02 AM)
They also have these broad surfaces that allow for muscle attachments as well.
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Speaker 1 (Screen Recording 2026-04-02 at 8.45.02 AM)
Next, our fourth classification of bones are irregular bones.
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Speaker 1 (Screen Recording 2026-04-02 at 8.45.02 AM)
And as name implies, these bones are irregularly shaped.
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Speaker 1 (Screen Recording 2026-04-02 at 8.45.02 AM)
They don't really have a specific shape.
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Speaker 1 (Screen Recording 2026-04-02 at 8.45.02 AM)
They can vary depending on their function.
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Speaker 1 (Screen Recording 2026-04-02 at 8.45.02 AM)
So the structure of these irregular bones is usually dependent on the function.
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Speaker 1 (Screen Recording 2026-04-02 at 8.45.02 AM)
So for example, the vertebrae.
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Speaker 1 (Screen Recording 2026-04-02 at 8.45.02 AM)
So the vertebrae, you can see here right along the midline, more medially right here,
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Speaker 1 (Screen Recording 2026-04-02 at 8.45.02 AM)
this is the vertebral body.
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Speaker 1 (Screen Recording 2026-04-02 at 8.45.02 AM)
And the vertebral body is very thick because it helps support the weight of the trunk.
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Speaker 1 (Screen Recording 2026-04-02 at 8.45.02 AM)
Now, in addition to that body, we can see here more laterally, we can see here,
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Speaker 1 (Screen Recording 2026-04-02 at 8.45.02 AM)
these are called transverse processes.
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Speaker 1 (Screen Recording 2026-04-02 at 8.45.02 AM)
And these are some extensions that are coming off of the vertebrae.
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Speaker 1 (Screen Recording 2026-04-02 at 8.45.02 AM)
We also have extensions that are coming off the posterior surface of the vertebrae.
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Speaker 1 (Screen Recording 2026-04-02 at 8.45.02 AM)
So for example, if you take your hand and put it at the back of your neck,
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Speaker 1 (Screen Recording 2026-04-02 at 8.45.02 AM)
you're going to feel this bump at the base of your neck.
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Speaker 1 (Screen Recording 2026-04-02 at 8.45.02 AM)
This is the spinous process of vertebrae C7.
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Speaker 1 (Screen Recording 2026-04-02 at 8.45.02 AM)
So cervical vertebrae number seven.
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Speaker 1 (Screen Recording 2026-04-02 at 8.45.02 AM)
So these spinous processes, as well as the transverse processes on more of the lateral
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Speaker 1 (Screen Recording 2026-04-02 at 8.45.02 AM)
sides, are going to provide attachment points for some of the muscles that are found in
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Speaker 1 (Screen Recording 2026-04-02 at 8.45.02 AM)
the back and some of the muscles that are found along the aspects of the back.
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Speaker 1 (Screen Recording 2026-04-02 at 8.45.02 AM)
Maybe they're starting on the low back and then eventually transitioning into the lower
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Speaker 1 (Screen Recording 2026-04-02 at 8.45.02 AM)
limb.
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Speaker 1 (Screen Recording 2026-04-02 at 8.45.02 AM)
So those are our irregular bones.
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Speaker 1 (Screen Recording 2026-04-02 at 8.45.02 AM)
And then lastly, our last classification here is going to be our short bones.
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Speaker 1 (Screen Recording 2026-04-02 at 8.45.02 AM)
Now, our short bones are usually cuboidal in shape.
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Speaker 1 (Screen Recording 2026-04-02 at 8.45.02 AM)
So they technically take on this cube shape.
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Speaker 1 (Screen Recording 2026-04-02 at 8.45.02 AM)
And an example of a short bone are the carpal bones that are actually found in the wrist.
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Speaker 1 (Screen Recording 2026-04-02 at 8.45.02 AM)
Now, I want you to think of these carpal bones kind of like a bag of marbles.
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Speaker 1 (Screen Recording 2026-04-02 at 8.45.02 AM)
And the articulation of the joints between these carpal bones, they allow for specific
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Speaker 1 (Screen Recording 2026-04-02 at 8.45.02 AM)
movements that allow us to perform complex tasks with our wrist and our fingers, for example.
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Speaker 1 (Screen Recording 2026-04-02 at 8.45.02 AM)
So generally, they provide support and stability for where complex movement is needed.
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Speaker 1 (Screen Recording 2026-04-02 at 8.45.02 AM)
We also have some short bones in the ankle, so very similar to the wrist that provide more
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Speaker 1 (Screen Recording 2026-04-02 at 8.45.02 AM)
stability to the ankle as we're walking, running, or doing any kind of exercise.
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