yt-1-33607229229454798990427

May 06, 2026 00:54 · 9:03 · English · Whisper Turbo · 7 speakers

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Lecture Index

0:00

S… Speaker 6 (yt-1-33607229229454798990427)

We are looking at one of the most central multilateral mechanisms for global peace and security, the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons. The increasingly complex international security environment calls for enhanced unity and cooperation to strengthen the non-proliferation NPT review process.

0:21

S… Speaker 1 (yt-1-33607229229454798990427)

Called Exceptionally Difficult Circumstances, the 11th Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, or NPT-REVCON 11, is happening from April 27 to May 22 at the United Nations Headquarters in New York. The conference is chaired by Ambassador Đỗ Hùng Việt of Vietnam and joined by representatives from most of the 191 state parties. So what is NPT Treaty and why?

0:50

S… Speaker 1 (yt-1-33607229229454798990427)

is MPT Revcon 11 especially important in this context? Here's the full breakdown. First, non-proliferation. Nuclear weapon states cannot transfer weapons and non-nuclear states cannot acquire or build them. Second, we're talking about disarmament, which is the total elimination of weapons of mass destruction.

1:12

S… Speaker 1 (yt-1-33607229229454798990427)

Third, the right to peaceful use. Every member state has the guaranteed right to develop nuclear energy for civilian purposes, like power generation and medicine. So let's put these key numbers in one place. Five is the number of recognized nuclear weapon states under the treaty, which is the U.S., Russia, China, France and the U.K. Five years is the review cycle that keeps states accountable.

1:41

S… Speaker 1 (yt-1-33607229229454798990427)

Two are the only two conferences that produce agreed outcomes in 2020. Yes, Ling. And the backdrop of NPT Rep. 11 is also not worthy, right?

1:54

S… Speaker 6 (yt-1-33607229229454798990427)

And the crisis in Ukraine continues, and the proliferation crisis surrounding Iran has deepened, and debates on renewed nuclear testing and revere disarmament have resurfaced, and transatlantic relations are strained, including over the territorial integrity of Greenland. So what concrete results can we have, can we expect from this year's conference with Vietnam residing, rather? We have an overview in the following report.

2:22

S… Speaker 4 (yt-1-33607229229454798990427)

The tensions and divisions among certain NPT members were on full display at last year's NPT preparatory conference, which set the stage for the review conference. Since then, new problems have emerged and new crises have erupted. Two consecutive review conferences in 2015 and again in 2022 ended without a consensus final document, leaving the treaty's credibility under serious strain. Against that backdrop,

2:51

S… Speaker 3 (yt-1-33607229229454798990427)

MPT RevCon 11 carries unusual weight. In 2010, we had an outcome document and to a large part it has not been implemented. Likewise, we could see an outcome document this time that would maybe set us back even far behind the language used in 2010. So regardless of there being an outcome document or not, I think the challenges for the conference are great, but so is the urgency for the conference.

3:15

S… Speaker 3 (yt-1-33607229229454798990427)

Those expectations reflect a broader anxiety shared across the multilateral community. I think we are just generally seeing a greater emphasis on nuclear weapons. We're seeing countries use nuclear threats more and more to get their way in the world. I think what is important at this year's NPT review conference is that states parties address the actual problems that are holding nuclear disarmament back.

3:43

S… Speaker 3 (yt-1-33607229229454798990427)

And those are, of course, the wars fought by nuclear weapon states and that we have seen nuclear weapons threats being thrown around as blackmail. And, of course, we see a nuclear arms race happening in all of the nuclear weapon states, while, of course, the NPT requires them to disarm their arsenals altogether.

4:02

S… Speaker 4 (yt-1-33607229229454798990427)

Vietnam's chairmanship arrives at a moment when the architecture of global nonproliferation diplomacy is under acute stress. Reaching the deep device is now further complicated by Iran's escalating nuclear activities and the possibility, raised by some analysts, that Tehran could formally withdraw from the treaty altogether.

4:25

S… Speaker 7 (yt-1-33607229229454798990427)

Because Iran has always had a policy of transparency and has sought to give the international community assurance that it is absolutely not pursuing the construction or development of nuclear weapons. That is why it joined this treaty. No treaty is permanent, and national interests are what stabilize treaties.

4:46

S… Speaker 4 (yt-1-33607229229454798990427)

Regardless of the outcome for negotiations on a final document, a joint statement by all states' parties reaffirming their support for the NPT would send an important signal of continued commitment to the treaty and to the international nuclear non-proliferation regime.

5:06

S… Speaker 1 (yt-1-33607229229454798990427)

Vietnam's chairing of the NPT RevCon 11 is being closely watched by the international community. As a non-nuclear weapon state with broad diplomatic ties across geopolitical blocs, Vietnam brings to the chair a reputation for pragmatism and bridge building, hoa aris that will be tested in the weeks ahead. Vietnam has also presided over regional consultations on NPT RevCon 11 with countries from the Middle East and North Africa.

5:35

S… Speaker 1 (yt-1-33607229229454798990427)

And to discuss this year's MBT Repcon 11 and the chairing by Vietnam, our reporter Khánh Minh talked with Ambassador Julian Gugier, the EU Ambassador to Vietnam. Thank you, Mr. Julian Gugier, EU Ambassador to Vietnam, for joining our program. It's my pleasure.

5:53

S… Speaker 2 (yt-1-33607229229454798990427)

How does the EU assess the current state of non-proliferation of nuclear weapons or NPT regime, given that the last two review conferences ended without a consensus final document? Well, it is undeniable that the non-proliferation treaty regime is facing unprecedented.

6:13

S… Speaker 5 (yt-1-33607229229454798990427)

challenges. We have a lack of confidence between the major players in the world that led to the non-renewal of a number of treaties, in particular the New START agreement between the US and Russia without any follow-on regimes. So this review comes at a very difficult juncture. We see some partners around the globe building up

6:41

S… Speaker 5 (yt-1-33607229229454798990427)

in opacity their nuclear arsenal. But this being said, we shouldn't forget that the NPT has brought benefits for international peace and security since its inception in 1970. So unprecedented challenges, but still let's treasure the benefits of the NPT and hope that this review

7:07

S… Speaker 5 (yt-1-33607229229454798990427)

will result in a better understanding and in confidence building between the different partners. What are the EU's core priorities and red lines entering RAFCON 11? Our basic priority is to promote a comprehensive, balanced and full implementation of the 2010 NPT Review Conference Action Plan across the three pillars of the treaty, disarmament, non-proliferation and the peaceful use of nuclear energy.

7:37

S… Speaker 5 (yt-1-33607229229454798990427)

We promote the universalization and entry into force of the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty, the CTBT. We also would like the urgent launch of negotiations.

7:51

S… Speaker 2 (yt-1-33607229229454798990427)

for a fissile material cutoff treaty, FMCT, in order to ensure that this supports the disarmament efforts. Vietnam as a non-nuclear weapon state with broad political ties across geopolitical blocs is chairing this conference.

8:12

S… Speaker 2 (yt-1-33607229229454798990427)

So how does the EU view Vietnam's capacity to bridge the divides between nuclear weapon states and non-nuclear states? Well, we believe that Vietnam is very well placed to carry a head with such a significant challenge.

8:26

S… Speaker 5 (yt-1-33607229229454798990427)

Ambassador Viet, the president designate of the review conference, is a seasoned diplomat with a vast experience in multilateral affairs. The EU has had the pleasure to support him in organizing NPT regional consultations in the run-up to this review conference. And we are convinced that he is fully aware of the challenges ahead and very capable of forging a way ahead.

8:52

S… Speaker 2 (yt-1-33607229229454798990427)

So he will certainly enjoy the full support of the EU in this task. Thank you, Mr. Julien Guerrier, for joining our interview. It's my pleasure.

This transcript was generated by AI (automatic speech recognition). May contain errors — verify against the original audio for critical use. AI policy

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