urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

Today we're going to be looking at the urinary system.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

Our objectives for today is that you will learn the anatomy and physiology of the urinary system, as

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

well as some diseases and conditions that you will be able to identify based on the signs and symptoms for the urinary system diseases.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

Okay, so the urinary system, it looks very simple when you're looking just at the structures that

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

you could see with the eye.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

But as you get deeper inside of each of these, you'll notice that it is a complicated system.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

The function of the urinary system is to cleanse the blood.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

It gets rid of waste products.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

So all of those things that we take in our body in liquid form or in solid form become waste product

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

after a while.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

but it gets filters through the body.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

So the body removes whatever it needs from the system or from the foods or the liquids that we drink.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

And then the rest of it is leftover waste.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

So the urinary system, the whole protocol or the process or the reason that it exists is to cleanse the blood.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

It regulates our blood pressure as well because the amount of fluid that's in the body.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

is going to determine how high or low your blood pressure is.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

It helps to maintain homeostasis through the acid -base balance in the body, and it controls the nervous system through so many

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

of the functions that it takes care of.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

So we're going to start by looking what items are under that urinary system.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

There are two kidneys, one on each side.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

It's a left and right kidney.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

Um, there are two ureters and those are those small tubes that's coming down from the kidney draining and carrying the urine to

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

the bladder. So that takes us to the bladder.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

And then from the bladder, there's a tube that goes from the bladder to the external, um, of the body.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

And that is called the urethra.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

Sometimes people confuse the ureters with the urethras to make sure you can identify the difference between those two.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

So as I said before, we have two kidneys. They are a bean shape.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

organs. They're about the size of a fist and you can see how in the picture here, they're holding this kidney.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

It's about the size of your fist.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

It is located more towards the back of the body.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

It is protected in the front of the body by the ribs and by fat.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

And you'll find that because of the location of it, most of the symptoms that you will have for kidneys will

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

be actually

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

pain in the back because of where it's located.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

Each kidney is found in mass of fatty tissue.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

Fat is, the word for it is adipose.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

So whenever you see adipose tissue, adipose anything, know that it's talking about fat.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

So it's in a mass of fatty tissue, which is called the adipose capsule.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

On this picture here, you can also see where the kidneys are located.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

So you have the rib cage that's protecting it here right behind the rib cage and behind some of the

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

abdominal muscle and tissue and fat and all of that.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

There is the kidneys.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

Okay, there are two main sections to the kidney.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

So if you were to take that bean -shaped structure, slice it in half so that you could see what's inside of it.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

This is what you would see.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

There are two main sections.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

One is the cortex.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

And you can see this is called the renal cortex.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

It's the outer layer of the kidney.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

It does contain most of the nephrons.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

And we're going to pull up a microscopic and large view of the nephrons.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

in a minute so that we can see everything that's in there, but it contains most of the nephrons and the nephrons are what aids in the production of urine.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

The inner layer of this is the medulla.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

So that's the inner layer here.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

It contains most of the tubes that carry the urine from the nephrons to the kidneys.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

Okay.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

So they go from the nephrons to the kidneys, through the kidneys.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

And then here they would go out from here to the ureters.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

Here's our microscopic and enlarged view of the nephrons.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

So you have your kidney here that's sliced in half so that you can see.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

And remember, we have the cortex where most of these capillaries, where all the capillaries are located.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

So the nephrons, I mean, where the nephrons are located, the nephrons are microscopic filtering units.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

They filter out the blood and remove from that.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

anything that's necessary.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

It makes urine as the waste product after it removes all of the nutrients and things that the body needs from it.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

There are over 1 million nephrons per kidney, over 1 million.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

So you could live with just one kidney and people have had reasons why they've had a kidney removed and

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

they can survive with one kidney.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

People can also donate a kidney.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

to someone and end up with one kidney left.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

Because if your kidney is functioning well with 1 million nephrons per kidney, it can still filter out as much as it needs

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

to filter out from the body or from the blood.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

So within the nephrons, we have a structure called the glomerulus.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

And you can see it here.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

It's a rounded body of a network of capillaries that are contained within the nephrons.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

And it does filter out the waste.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

From there, we have our Bowman's capsule.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

And before we get to that, I just want to point out that you have the renal vein and renal artery.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

So you have a large supply of blood flow that is coming to this area.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

And this large supply of blood flow can then go through the nephrons and get filtered out and waste products removed and nutrients

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

going back into the body.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

But you also see smaller units of.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

blood vessels go in here that will also work with osmosis and some other methods to get things passed through the

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

kidneys.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

to where it needs to go.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

So as we talk about that a little bit more.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

So Bowman's capsule is here and it surrounds the glomerulus.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

So it surrounds that glomerulus and it picks up filtered materials and passes it to the convoluted tubules.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

So whatever is filtered out of the glomerulus, it passes into Bowman's capsule and then it goes into the

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

convoluted tubules.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

From there, the substances, well, in the Bowman's capsule, you also have the substances that are needed by the

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

body are then reabsorbed through the capillaries and everything.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

It's reabsorbed and then returned to the body.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

So some of the things that the body will need from this filtration process is water.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

So water is one of the biggest things that the body's going to need from that.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

So as you take in fluids and you eat foods that are full of water, watermelons, things like that, the body will take out

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

what it needs from that and it will give that extra water that the body needs.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

It'll add it to the blood to make sure that we have enough blood volume going on in the body.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

It'll also give it to the tissues and the cells.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

Most of our bodies are made up of water.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

And so it needs that water to continue to function properly.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

So at the end, most of the water, the sugar, the vitamins, and the salts have been reabsorbed back into the body.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

But any excess that remains will now go into the waste product of the urine.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

So any excess salts, waters, I mean water, I'm sorry, and other waste will go back into the tubule,

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

convoluted tubule, which is the loop of Henle here connected.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

It'll go into the distal convoluted tubule and the collection duct.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

And that will actually end up going to the ureter now.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

which goes to the bladder so that's what happened to the waste products urine enters the collecting ducts in the medulla

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

and then the collecting tubes enter into the renal pelvis which is the first section of the ureter so here you have the

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

first section of the ureter and that goes from there to the bladder

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

So the next structure we're going to look at are the ureters.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

There are two ureters, one from each kidney.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

They are very muscular.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

They're also very small in diameter, but they're about 10 to 12 inches long in length.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

They extend from the renal pelvis, which is here.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

This is the renal pelvis of that kidney, and it goes all the way to the bladder.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

So urine flows through that, through that system of peristalsis.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

We've been talking about peristalsis in different areas of the body.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

We talked about it in the digestive system.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

And now we're talking about it here in the urinary system.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

And so that's the process that moves fluid through the ureters to the bladder.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

Now we're going to the bladder.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

The bladder of the medical term for that would be cyst.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

A cyst is anything that's a hollow.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

sac. And the bladder is very muscular.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

If you can take a look at the picture here.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

So here, I'm just going to recap a little bit.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

So we have our kidneys, right and left kidney, and you have the ureters that come off of that, and then they flow into the bladder.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

It's a little difficult to see from the picture, but the bladder has a system of ridges like inside of it.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

It's called rugae.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

That allows the bladder to expand.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

It's a really muscular, smooth muscle.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

It allows it to expand and it allows it to contract as needed, depending on how much urine is sitting in the bladder.

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When the bladder is fully expanded, you don't see that rugae anymore, but that's when

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

you will get that little signal that it's time to use the bathroom and you need to go.

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There are three layers of visceral muscle found in the bladder.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

And once you get to about a cup of urine in the bladder, it'll signal to you that it's time to use the bathroom.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

What keeps the urine in the bladder from flowing out involuntarily is that spinster muscle that's there.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

So there's a spinster muscle at the end that keeps the urine from coming out of the bladder.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

Now, when that spinster muscle becomes loose, your patient could end up with urinary incontinence.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

And that's one of the reasons why you may see that in the elderly patient.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

So that Spencer controls the bladder opening.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

Infants can't control it.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

And that's why they need diapers.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

They have no control over that.

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They learn to have it over a few years.

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S… Speaker 2 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

Okay.

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So the function of the bladder is to receive urine from the ureters.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

And it's also to store that urine until it's time to eliminate it from the body.

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The next thing that we're going to look at is the urethra.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

Now the urethra is the tube that goes from the bladder to the outside of the body.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

The external opening of that is the meatus.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

And we know that from the males, right?

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

We called it the meatus in the males.

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It's also called the meatus in the females.

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We just don't always refer to it that way.

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There's a difference in the size and length of the urethra between a male and a female.

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The urethra is definitely shorter in the female.

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It's only about one and a half inches.

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It does open in the front of the vagina or passes through the penis.

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And so the length or the distance between where the urethra is and where the bladder is in the female is so

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short that bacteria can easily travel up into the bladder easily and create a urinary tract infection.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

In the males, the urethra carry both urine and semen.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

And we just learned that as part of the reproductive system.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

And the distance between or the length between the urethra and the outside of the body is about eight inches.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

So you can see that's about six and a half inches different between the male and the female.

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So while males can and do get urinary tract infections, it is not as prevalent as it is in the female.

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So we're looking at the urine.

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Urine is liquid waste.

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As we said before, it's composed of about 95 % water and 5 % nitrogenous waste, toxins, and mineral

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salts.

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If you find sugar in the urine, which is spilled into the urine as an excess, the body has used what it wanted, and

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there's still all this excess sugar, it may be an indication to you that something else is going on.

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And diabetes is one of those conditions that can be prompted, that will quickly alert you that this patient is

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diabetic by finding sugar in the urine.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

We produce about one and a half to two quarts of urine daily.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

That's if we're drinking enough fluids and we're well hydrated.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

And 150 quarts are filtered through the kidneys per day.

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But by observation, we can tell a lot about what's going on with our patient.

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And that's whether we're observing the skin color, whether we're observing things that they're doing with their face, right?

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

Whether we're observing what's going on with the urine, drainage that's coming out of their body, stool, all of these things you

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

can observe and tell a little bit about what's going on with your patient.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

And so the urine is one quick way that you can take a look at and know that.

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immediately. This patient is well hydrated or this patient is dehydrated. If the urine is a straw color,

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like a clear pale amber it usually indicates that this patient is well hydrated everything is going the way that

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

it should go if it is a darker amber color and the darker that it gets it's the more it would let you know

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that this patient could be dehydrated

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If there's blood in the urine, if that urine is red, it could be a big indication that there's bleeding going on.

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The name for that is hematuria.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

And that is a problem.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

If you see that, it could indicate many things.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

And as we go through different diseases, you'll see that.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

But kidney stones is one of the things you may want to think about, that that could be an indication of.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

And we know from the reproductive system that we just finished, it could also be an indication of cancer.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

So whenever you see bleeding or blood in the urine, it's indicating that something is going wrong.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

And beets is one of those substances that if you drink a lot of beet juice, it probably could discolor your urine and make it look like

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

there's blood there also in the stool.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

So if you notice that that patient is coming and they're having all of this redness in the urine, but it's not testing

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

out its blood, ask them if they're eating a lot or drinking a lot of a particular substance.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

Same thing with vegetables that can dye the color of the urine as well, as well as multivitamins.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

If someone's taking multivitamins, I call it that glow in the dark yellow color that can occur because of that.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

If the urine is a milky, that's an indication that there's an excessive amount of white blood cells in the urine.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

And that indicates an infection.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

If when the person urinate in the toilet stool and they look in the bowl and they see a lot of bubbles in there, that's an indication that there's

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

an excessive amount of protein and that can be an indication of kidney disease.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

So here's like just a little gradiated coloration of the urine that goes

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

from normal and very good to severely dehydrated.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

So if your urine is looking like anything in this range, you need to drink more fluids.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

We're going to go over some key terms that we should be familiar with.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

One is polyurea.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

Poly means much or excessive.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

And we know that urea means urine.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

So excessive urine is polyurea.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

Oligurea is another one.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

And that means a small amount of urine.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

It's way below what would be considered normal.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

And urea is an absence of urination.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

Remember the A in front of these things means that it doesn't exist, a lack of or absence of something.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

Hematuria is a blood in the urine.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

And then we have nocturia, which is excessive urination at night.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

You may see that in toddlers who are learning to potty train during the day.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

They're good to go, but at night they're having this nocturia.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

And this noctal just comes from nocturnal, which means nighttime.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

Dysuria is painful urination with that increased urge and hesitancy to urinate.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

So you go to the bathroom, you just got to go.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

You feel this intense urge and then you get there and there's this hesitancy of how much is actually coming out.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

That could be an indication of infection as well as cancer or some other things.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

Um, urinary retention is the inability to empty the bladder.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

So you're retaining that, that, um, urine in the bladder.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

It's staying in there, not emptying completely.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

Uh, and we saw that when we were in the reproductive system and was talking about the, um, increased or the hypertrophy

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

of the prostate gland that was squeezed the urethra and prevent, um, the urine from coming all the way through.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

There are other things that can cause that.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

but the retention itself is the inability to empty the bladder.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

And then of course, incontinence is involuntary urination.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

You have no control over bladder function and you urinate without trying.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

So now we're going to look at some diseases of the urinary system.

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And the first one is cystitis.

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And you can tell from the breakdown of this word, itis means inflammation.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

And cyst, remember I said a bladder is called a cyst.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

So that's inflammation of the bladder.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

It is more common in females.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

And remember, this is our UTIs.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

This is more common in females because of the length of the urethra.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

So that should actually say one to one and a half inches, not one to 11.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

seven and over two.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

It's one to one and a half inches in the female and in males about eight inches long.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

Symptoms of cystitis is the frequent urination, dysuria and burning, bladder

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spasms, where you just feel that bladder just kind of contracting like that.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

That's part of that infectious process that's causing that hematuria.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

That's blood in the urine and they may have fever or not have fever.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

So fever.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

It's not something that you can use to rule out cystitis.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

Treatment for this condition is the use of antibiotics and increased fluid intake.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

Sometimes people will use things like cranberry juice.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

Cranberry juice without the sugar is an excellent treatment for this.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

It does take longer to work, but if you find this condition in its early stages,

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

someone is just starting to have this and they drink a lot, like you have to drink a lot of this, um, cranberry juice, it actually prevents

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

the bacteria from building up and growing on the surface of the bladder and can kind of flush that bacteria out.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

That's in the urethra and get rid of that infection.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

So that's over the counter.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

Just a little tidbit there, but by the time you get to the doctor for treatment for this, because it's gone on so long, antibiotics is the way that

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S… Speaker 2 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

it will be treated.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

The next condition that we're going to look at is glomerulonephritis.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

Now it's a big word, but some of this should look familiar to you now that we've talked about the different parts

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

of the urinary system.

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Itis, once again, means inflammation of, but you see the neph here, that's talking about the nephrons.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

And remember we said that within the kidneys,

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

The nephrons are that filtering unit that helps filter out the blood and take out what the body needs and then send the waste products

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out as urine. The glomerulose, remember that glomerulus portion is there in the kidneys as well.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

So there's inflammation of the glomerulus and the nephrons.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

So the cause of that would be a bacteria.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

It could be bacteria.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

It could be any other type of toxin as well, such as mercury, arsenic.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

Alcohol can also cause that.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

So it's a lot of drinking of alcohol can lead to that over the long term.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

It causes scarring of the glomerulus, scars that tissue.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

If we're talking about a bacterial cause of infection for that, a strep infection is one of those reasons why that may occur.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

So inflammation and scarring of the glomerulus due to a strep infection.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

So this would be the aftermath of that.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

Sometimes people will get infections like strep and they don't go and get it treated and then it will go away and then they think everything is great.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

But if it's not treated, it will cause problems other places in your body.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

So the heart is one place that can occur.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

And then now we know it can also happen in the kidneys.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

Glamareolephritis can be either acute or chronic.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

And that word acute just means that it happens suddenly.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

So maybe there's a poisoning.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

In this case, it could be more of a toxin that has occurred to cause this and will lead to severe kidney damage later.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

Okay. So the symptoms are hematuria, which you should know by now, protein urea, which is

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

protein in the urine, hypertension, anorexia, flank pain.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

Now the back of your body, in your back, more to the side, that's called the flank of the

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

body. So this part of your body from the neck to the pubic area or to the

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

What am I looking at?

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

Like the groin area to that part.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

That's called the trunk of your body.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

And then the flank is the back part of your body close to the side.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

So that flank pain is because that's kind of where that kidney is located in your back.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

There may be blurred vision and headaches and edema and fatigue and congestive heart failure, renal

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failure, and if not treated, death will ensue.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

Now, some of these you may wonder, why is there?

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

Maybe I can understand why there's hypertension because it's controlling homeostasis of the fluids in my body.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

So it determines whether I have enough blood volume or not enough blood volume.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

But why am I getting blurred vision and headaches if you're talking about the kidneys?

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

Well, because the kidneys are part of what's determined.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

In homeostasis, as far as the liquid portion of what's in our body, if you don't have enough liquid going to the brain, it's

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

going to cause things like headache and blurred vision.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

a little bit of unconsciousness or confusion and things like that will also happen.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

But also remember that part of the role of the kidneys is to remove waste products.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

So if those waste products are not being removed, guess what?

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

It's circulating around in your body.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

It's poisoning your whole system.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

And therefore it's going to cause problems from head to toe eventually and death if not treated at all.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

So the treatment for that is to treat the symptoms.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

We want to treat the symptoms of hypertension.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

We want to treat the symptoms of the headache and et cetera, et cetera.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

You also want to treat the whole problem of retaining fluids and salt.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

We should know, you should know, remember this from chemistry.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

If you have salt, salt attracts water.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

So water is going to move to wherever there's excess salt.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

so you want to decrease the amount of salt that's in the body and so you want a low salt diet

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

You want to treat the high blood pressure with medicine.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

The patient is probably going to require dialysis and dialysis going to remove the waste products from the blood, filter

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

that out and return the clean blood back into the body.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

The patient may need a kidney transplant at some point.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

And if this is a bacterial infection, antibiotics will definitely be useful for that.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

Here, this picture just shows that there's that inflammation in the glomeruli.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

And that's that ball of capillaries that we have that filters out the blood in the nephron.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

And here we have hematuria.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

That's the bloody urine.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

And then this one has excess protein in it.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

And you can check some of these with the dipstick, the urine dipstick that we use.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

And of course, the hematuria, you should be able to physically look at and see that.

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when the patient gives a urine sample.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

Pylonephritis is the next condition that we're going to talk about.

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Etiology just means cause.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

So the cause for pylonephritis is a bacterial.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

Um, what it is, is an inflammation of kidney tissue and the renal pelvis.

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Now the thing with pyelonephritis is it usually comes from, um, an infection that was in the lower

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

urinary system.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

So an infection in the bladder that worked its way up into the kidneys.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

So this was probably untreated, um, wasn't taken care of in time.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

And that infection.

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was able to kind of proliferate, like just get massive and then move up into the ureters and then into the kidneys.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

So this is a big infection.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

It's usually caused by pus forming bacteria.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

The symptoms are chills, fever, back pain.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

Again, that's the flank, that back pain in the back of the body where the kidneys are more towards.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

Dysuria, hematuria, and pyuria.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

And this is pus.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

Treatment for this would be antibiotics, increased fluid intake.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

So what will be happening is that you'll be encouraged to drink and drink and drink.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

And that means the terminology we use for that is sports fluids.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

So we're not forcing it down your throat, but we're encouraging you at each opportunity to drink fluids.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

We're going to leave a pitcher of water at the bedside whenever the.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

Nurse assistant going to the room, they're going to ask them, would you like me to pour some water for you so you can drink?

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You've got to flush the system out.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

And this patient will be also advised to stay away from alcohol.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

Okay, we're going to look now at renal calculi and this is kidney stones.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

You've probably heard of kidney stones before.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

It is called calculi in the medical realm.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

So the stones will be formed.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

A lot of times it's formed in the kidneys and then go to pass through the ureters.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

Let me tell you, take a look at the structure of this stone here.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

Now they're not necessarily that big, right?

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

So if this is a matchstick, it's like a little bit bigger in length, maybe than the length of the head of

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

this matchstick and the width of that.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

But look at the jaggedness of that.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

Imagine that going through those muscular tubes, those ureters, which are not very, remember I said they're kind

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

of small in diameter.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

Imagine that going through there. That's going to scrape up against the side of...

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that as it's coming through.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

So we're talking about a lot of pain and we're talking about blood.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

So the kidney stones form when there's excess salt in the urine and it settles and then it clumps together and

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it becomes a stone.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

Some of them, when they're really, really small, they can pass through.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

Like this one passed through the ureters.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

It went into the bladder, probably didn't cause a lot of problems.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

But there are others that are large.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

Like this one, it may become lodged into that.

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S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

So it may get stuck right into that tube, into the ureters.

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S… Speaker 2 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

And there you are.

30:40

S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

That's sudden pain, hematuria and retention because the urine can't work its way around that.

30:46

S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

You're going to have the urine backing up from wherever that is upwards.

30:51

S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

It's not going to flow down into the kidneys.

30:54

S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

I mean, into the bladder.

30:55

S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

And that's going to cause problems with infection.

30:59

S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

The treatment for that will be to increase fluid.

31:05

S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

It tends, renal calcular kidney stones tend to happen when a patient or when a person does not get enough fluid intake.

31:12

S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

So they may be dehydrated.

31:13

S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

And if you can increase the fluid intake and kind of flush out some of those salts and let them break up and go out normally

31:22

S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

through the urinary system.

31:24

S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

There's not a problem.

31:25

S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

But if you can't do that, then we have to move to the next treatment, which is lithotripsy.

31:30

S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

And lithotripsy is ultrasound waves that are directed towards those stones in the kidneys.

31:37

S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

And it breaks them up into smaller stones, into smaller particles that can pass easily and get flushed out of the urinary

31:45

S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

system. They're also going to require pain meds.

31:49

S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

What would happen once a lithotripsy or maybe not even with the lithotripsy, but as a patient is getting that increased

31:57

S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

fluids and we're looking to see if those stones are coming through, the nurse or the nurse aide will have to take that urine and strain it through

32:06

S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

like a gauze pad or strain it through a strainer and see if any stones are collected.

32:13

S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

That will also get sent to the lab and it will be analyzed to see what the makeup of that.

32:18

S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

kidney stone is.

32:20

S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

Surgery is a possibility for these patients.

32:24

S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

Next, we're going to look at renal failure, a kidney failure.

32:30

S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

The kidneys have stopped functioning.

32:32

S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

Now remember the whole role of the kidney is to remove waste products from the body.

32:38

S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

If that's not being removed and it stays in the system, the body is going to be poisoned.

32:45

S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

Kidney failure is a big problem that has to be addressed right away.

32:49

S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

So it can be an acute source of etiology or cause, and that can be from an injury.

32:56

S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

So poisoning is also something that can cause that, and then dehydration can cause it.

33:04

S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

Think about injury.

33:06

S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

Think about an accident.

33:07

S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

Now think about where it's closest to.

33:09

S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

If someone got hit in that back area from like a car accident or something like that, that could be a sudden acute

33:17

S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

cause of renal failure.

33:22

S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

And that would then, you know, put that patient in that whole cycle of poisoning the system, being poisoned, circulating around the body

33:30

S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

and causing in every organ damage.

33:34

S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

So prompt treatment is going to be necessary.

33:37

S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

And when treated promptly, it has a good outcome.

33:42

S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

Chronic renal failure is a progressive loss of kidney function.

33:45

S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

So somebody's kidney has been infected.

33:48

S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

Maybe it could be from an infection that they had that's lasted a long time.

33:54

S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

The kidneys have just kind of worn out.

33:57

S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

Hypertension is a big cause of kidney disease.

34:04

S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

Diabetes can have a huge effect on the kidneys as well.

34:08

S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

Other toxin can be to blame.

34:11

S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

And these can cause the kidneys to wear out over time until it's no longer functioning.

34:17

S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

And we talked about the waste accumulates in the body and affects everything.

34:25

S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

So the other thing we want to look at, I'm just going to touch real quick on the kidney failure.

34:31

S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

That patient will need to have a kidney transplant or they will need to be on dialysis until they can get that kidney transplant

34:39

S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

because that waste product has to be removed from the body continuously.

34:43

S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

You can't have a lapse in that at all.

34:46

S… Speaker 2 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

Uremia.

34:48

S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

Let's see if you can figure that out.

34:50

S… Speaker 2 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

Emia means.

34:54

S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

If you said blood, you are correct.

34:56

S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

It means blood. Uri means urine.

34:59

S… Speaker 2 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

So there's urine in the blood.

35:01

S… Speaker 2 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

That doesn't sound good.

35:03

S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

This is a toxic condition when there's urinary waste in the bloodstream.

35:09

S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

It can be caused from any condition that affects the kidneys from functioning properly.

35:15

S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

And the signs and symptoms would be N and V, which is nausea and vomiting.

35:19

S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

Ammonia breath, because ammonia is a byproduct or waste product of urine.

35:24

S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

Anuria, which it means what again?

35:28

S… Speaker 2 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

No urine.

35:29

S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

So a cessation of urine without urine, headache, confusion, coma, and eventually death.

35:35

S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

This condition is probably not seen as much anymore, but if you think about the fact that you have urine.

35:44

S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

in the bloodstream, that urine is also going to end up working its way out in the sweat.

35:50

S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

And you can see on this picture here, this white substance all over.

35:56

S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

These are the salts and all of these waste products that's come out on the sweat and it's covering different parts of this person's

36:05

S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

face and head and different parts of the body as well.

36:08

S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

So the treatment of this would be to have a restrictive diet, dialysis, and kidney transplant.

36:14

S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

Our next condition that we're looking at is the urethritis.

36:22

S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

I can't say this word.

36:26

S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

Urethritis.

36:27

S… Speaker 2 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

Mercy.

36:29

S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

Okay. This is an inflammation of the urethra.

36:32

S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

Now, remember we talked about the ureters, which are the tubes that come from the kidneys to the bladder.

36:37

S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

And then the urethra is that tube that goes from the bladder to the outside of the body.

36:42

S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

So an inflammation of this tube can be caused by bacteria, viruses, or chemicals.

36:49

S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

The symptoms for this is that there's painful urination.

36:54

S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

There's redness and there's itching at the meatus.

36:57

S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

Now, remember, as we've talked about pericare, there's some things that you should be observing as you do pericare.

37:04

S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

If you notice any discharge or any redness or itching at the patient's complaint of itching at the meatus, that's

37:12

S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

something that you need to keep in mind, that there may be some kind of bacterial virus infection going on.

37:19

S… Speaker 2 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

Chemicals.

37:21

S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

can be caused from, let's say, chlorine, like an excess amount of chlorine in the pool or something like that can also lead to this condition.

37:29

S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

The patient may or may not have a discharge with this condition.

37:33

S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

And the treatment for this is going to be a six bath.

37:36

S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

Now, I don't know if you've ever seen this, but this is a six bath here.

37:43

S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

I don't know if you can see this very clearly, but there's a bag of liquid here, which is usually warm water that's flowing in there

37:52

S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

that flows through this tubing and it comes into this part of the, it sits into your toilet bowl.

37:59

S… Speaker 2 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

It's a little.

38:00

S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

bowl of its own, but it sits right in the toilet seat.

38:04

S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

Like you lift up the toilet seat and that part of the toilet there, it sits right in the tube comes through the, one of the openings in the back of that here.

38:12

S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

And the water is flowing through that almost like a bidet kind of thing.

38:16

S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

Um, but as you sit on it and that flows in the warm.

38:21

S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

really warm water, as hot as you can take it, starts to fill up in there.

38:26

S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

And as you're sitting on there, it kind of soothes that area.

38:28

S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

It's also used for women who've had a baby, who've had an episiotomy.

38:34

S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

because it can kind of soothe and comfort from all the itching that may happen in that area or the pain that's there.

38:42

S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

So that is a sitz bath.

38:44

S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

Warm compress can be used where you just put a warm soak in a washcloth maybe or something like that and holds

38:52

S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

it up against that area.

38:53

S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

Antibiotics are also used to treat it as is increased fluid intake.

39:01

S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

That wraps it up for our lesson today on the urinary system.

39:07

S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

Make sure you complete that worksheet and label the diagram that's at the end of that.

39:13

S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

And I will see you in class the next time.

39:16

S… Speaker 1 (urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides)

Have a great rest of.

urinary_system_presentation.pptx - Google Slides

Buod

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