7.5 Vascular Tumors

Nov 08, 2026 23:02 · 5:08 · English · Whisper Turbo · 1 Luidsprekere

Hierdie transkripsie verstrek in 29 dae. Gradeer op vir permanente berging →

Saakregister

0:00

S… Speaker 1 (7.5 Vascular Tumors)

Okay, final section of this chapter is vascular tumors.

0:03

S… Speaker 1 (7.5 Vascular Tumors)

This is a relatively short section.

0:04

S… Speaker 1 (7.5 Vascular Tumors)

We should be able to get through it quickly.

0:06

S… Speaker 1 (7.5 Vascular Tumors)

The first entity is a hemangioma.

0:09

S… Speaker 1 (7.5 Vascular Tumors)

Hemangio,

0:10

S… Speaker 1 (7.5 Vascular Tumors)

blood vessel,

0:11

S… Speaker 1 (7.5 Vascular Tumors)

oma, benign mass.

0:12

S… Speaker 1 (7.5 Vascular Tumors)

So this was a benign tumor comprised of blood vessels.

0:15

S… Speaker 1 (7.5 Vascular Tumors)

It's commonly present at birth,

0:16

S… Speaker 1 (7.5 Vascular Tumors)

but the most important point on this slide is that it often regresses during childhood.

0:20

S… Speaker 1 (7.5 Vascular Tumors)

So that if you have a patient with a hemangioma,

0:23

S… Speaker 1 (7.5 Vascular Tumors)

in particular a kid,

0:24

S… Speaker 1 (7.5 Vascular Tumors)

and you were worried about removing it,

0:27

S… Speaker 1 (7.5 Vascular Tumors)

it'll probably just regress by itself.

0:29

S… Speaker 1 (7.5 Vascular Tumors)

And again,

0:30

S… Speaker 1 (7.5 Vascular Tumors)

that's how yield, especially if it's on the face,

0:32

S… Speaker 1 (7.5 Vascular Tumors)

for example.

0:32

S… Speaker 1 (7.5 Vascular Tumors)

You don't want to remove it surgically and create a scar.

0:35

S… Speaker 1 (7.5 Vascular Tumors)

This will usually just regress on its own.

0:37

S… Speaker 1 (7.5 Vascular Tumors)

It most often involves the skin,

0:39

S… Speaker 1 (7.5 Vascular Tumors)

and I've kind of already briefly hinted at that,

0:41

S… Speaker 1 (7.5 Vascular Tumors)

but it's also important to note that you can get hemangiomas of the liver.

0:45

S… Speaker 1 (7.5 Vascular Tumors)

That's another common location for a hemangioma.

0:48

S… Speaker 1 (7.5 Vascular Tumors)

This is what a hemangioma looks like.

0:50

S… Speaker 1 (7.5 Vascular Tumors)

Basically, this is a tumor comprised of blood vessels.

0:53

S… Speaker 1 (7.5 Vascular Tumors)

Now, important to note that when you have this sort of collection of what appears to

0:57

S… Speaker 1 (7.5 Vascular Tumors)

be blood within tissue on the skin,

0:59

S… Speaker 1 (7.5 Vascular Tumors)

one of the things that can come to mind is a bleed into the skin,

1:02

S… Speaker 1 (7.5 Vascular Tumors)

for example, a purpura.

1:03

S… Speaker 1 (7.5 Vascular Tumors)

And the way by which you would make the distinction is by pressing on it.

1:06

S… Speaker 1 (7.5 Vascular Tumors)

If you pressed on this,

1:07

S… Speaker 1 (7.5 Vascular Tumors)

it would blanch because you'd be able to get the blood out because all the blood is in the blood

1:12

S… Speaker 1 (7.5 Vascular Tumors)

vessels.

1:12

S… Speaker 1 (7.5 Vascular Tumors)

However,

1:13

S… Speaker 1 (7.5 Vascular Tumors)

if it was a bleed into the skin and you pressed on it,

1:15

S… Speaker 1 (7.5 Vascular Tumors)

It would not change color because the blood is in the skin and not within the blood vessels

1:19

S… Speaker 1 (7.5 Vascular Tumors)

itself.

1:20

S… Speaker 1 (7.5 Vascular Tumors)

So that's an important distinction,

1:22

S… Speaker 1 (7.5 Vascular Tumors)

and this is a classic picture of a hemangioma.

1:25

S… Speaker 1 (7.5 Vascular Tumors)

Now, the next tumor is angiosarcoma.

1:27

S… Speaker 1 (7.5 Vascular Tumors)

Angio refers to blood vessel,

1:29

S… Speaker 1 (7.5 Vascular Tumors)

and sarcoma would imply that it's a malignant mesenchymal tumor.

1:32

S… Speaker 1 (7.5 Vascular Tumors)

So this is a malignant proliferation of endothelial cells.

1:36

S… Speaker 1 (7.5 Vascular Tumors)

Remember that the endothelial cells are the cells that line the blood vessel.

1:39

S… Speaker 1 (7.5 Vascular Tumors)

Highly aggressive,

1:41

S… Speaker 1 (7.5 Vascular Tumors)

can occur in multiple sites,

1:42

S… Speaker 1 (7.5 Vascular Tumors)

such as the skin,

1:43

S… Speaker 1 (7.5 Vascular Tumors)

the breast,

1:44

S… Speaker 1 (7.5 Vascular Tumors)

and the liver,

1:45

S… Speaker 1 (7.5 Vascular Tumors)

and very important to know that liver angiosarcoma is associated with exposure

1:49

S… Speaker 1 (7.5 Vascular Tumors)

to PVC.

1:49

S… Speaker 1 (7.5 Vascular Tumors)

That's an association that was made decades ago.

1:53

S… Speaker 1 (7.5 Vascular Tumors)

But again, liver angioma is associated with exposure to PVC,

1:57

S… Speaker 1 (7.5 Vascular Tumors)

and we talked about this in the neoplasia lecture,

1:59

S… Speaker 1 (7.5 Vascular Tumors)

so I'll refer you there.

2:00

S… Speaker 1 (7.5 Vascular Tumors)

You can also get liver angiosarcoma with exposure to arsenic and thorotrast,

2:05

S… Speaker 1 (7.5 Vascular Tumors)

so those are two other risk factors for liver angiosarcoma.

2:09

S… Speaker 1 (7.5 Vascular Tumors)

And the last tumor that we want to discuss,

2:11

S… Speaker 1 (7.5 Vascular Tumors)

and probably the highest yield tumor in this section,

2:14

S… Speaker 1 (7.5 Vascular Tumors)

is Kaposi's sarcoma.

2:15

S… Speaker 1 (7.5 Vascular Tumors)

Now, this is a low -grade malignant proliferation of endothelial cells,

2:18

S… Speaker 1 (7.5 Vascular Tumors)

but what's super important is that it's associated with HHV -8.

2:22

S… Speaker 1 (7.5 Vascular Tumors)

That's the virus that drives this tumor.

2:25

S… Speaker 1 (7.5 Vascular Tumors)

And if you go back to our neoplasia lecture,

2:27

S… Speaker 1 (7.5 Vascular Tumors)

you'll recall that when I talked about viruses that cause tumors,

2:30

S… Speaker 1 (7.5 Vascular Tumors)

one of them was HHV -8 causing Kaposi's sarcoma.

2:34

S… Speaker 1 (7.5 Vascular Tumors)

When you have Kerpozy's sarcoma,

2:36

S… Speaker 1 (7.5 Vascular Tumors)

it presents as purple patches or plaques or nodules on the skin.

2:39

S… Speaker 1 (7.5 Vascular Tumors)

And the reason it looks purple is because you've got this proliferation of endothelial cells.

2:43

S… Speaker 1 (7.5 Vascular Tumors)

However, these are endothelial cells.

2:46

S… Speaker 1 (7.5 Vascular Tumors)

They are not complete blood vessels.

2:47

S… Speaker 1 (7.5 Vascular Tumors)

And so if you were to press on this tumor,

2:49

S… Speaker 1 (7.5 Vascular Tumors)

it would not blanch because the blood is not in an actual vascular

2:53

S… Speaker 1 (7.5 Vascular Tumors)

channel.

2:54

S… Speaker 1 (7.5 Vascular Tumors)

The blood is simply just interspersed in between these endothelial

2:58

S… Speaker 1 (7.5 Vascular Tumors)

cells.

2:58

S… Speaker 1 (7.5 Vascular Tumors)

So that's an important thing to note.

3:01

S… Speaker 1 (7.5 Vascular Tumors)

In Kaposi's sarcoma,

3:02

S… Speaker 1 (7.5 Vascular Tumors)

it usually involves the skin,

3:03

S… Speaker 1 (7.5 Vascular Tumors)

but it can also involve visceral organs.

3:07

S… Speaker 1 (7.5 Vascular Tumors)

Here's what Kaposi's sarcoma can look like,

3:09

S… Speaker 1 (7.5 Vascular Tumors)

and again, you've got these purplish nodules,

3:12

S… Speaker 1 (7.5 Vascular Tumors)

and again, were you to press on them,

3:14

S… Speaker 1 (7.5 Vascular Tumors)

they would not blanch,

3:15

S… Speaker 1 (7.5 Vascular Tumors)

and that's because it's really just a tumor of endothelial cells,

3:18

S… Speaker 1 (7.5 Vascular Tumors)

not the complete blood vessel wall,

3:20

S… Speaker 1 (7.5 Vascular Tumors)

and so the blood is present interspersed with the endothelial cells,

3:24

S… Speaker 1 (7.5 Vascular Tumors)

but again,

3:25

S… Speaker 1 (7.5 Vascular Tumors)

is not present within an actual channel,

3:27

S… Speaker 1 (7.5 Vascular Tumors)

so these would not blanch.

3:29

S… Speaker 1 (7.5 Vascular Tumors)

Now,

3:30

S… Speaker 1 (7.5 Vascular Tumors)

there's three patients that get Kaposi's sarcoma.

3:32

S… Speaker 1 (7.5 Vascular Tumors)

Number one,

3:33

S… Speaker 1 (7.5 Vascular Tumors)

Eastern European males.

3:35

S… Speaker 1 (7.5 Vascular Tumors)

So older Eastern European males,

3:37

S… Speaker 1 (7.5 Vascular Tumors)

that's one group of patients that would get it.

3:39

S… Speaker 1 (7.5 Vascular Tumors)

And when these patients get it,

3:41

S… Speaker 1 (7.5 Vascular Tumors)

it usually is localized to the skin and the treatment is surgical removal.

3:45

S… Speaker 1 (7.5 Vascular Tumors)

So that's the patient with,

3:47

S… Speaker 1 (7.5 Vascular Tumors)

that's one patient with Kaposi's sarcoma.

3:49

S… Speaker 1 (7.5 Vascular Tumors)

The second patient in which is classically seen is AIDS.

3:52

S… Speaker 1 (7.5 Vascular Tumors)

And so patients with AIDS can get an HHV8 infection.

3:56

S… Speaker 1 (7.5 Vascular Tumors)

Of course, this tumor is driven by HHV8 in all of these patients.

4:00

S… Speaker 1 (7.5 Vascular Tumors)

but patients with AIDS can get an HHV8 infection of the endothelial cells,

4:04

S… Speaker 1 (7.5 Vascular Tumors)

which would then result in a Kaposi's sarcoma.

4:07

S… Speaker 1 (7.5 Vascular Tumors)

With AIDS,

4:08

S… Speaker 1 (7.5 Vascular Tumors)

it can spread early and it can go to other tissues.

4:10

S… Speaker 1 (7.5 Vascular Tumors)

The way by which you're gonna treat these patients is to give them antiretroviral

4:14

S… Speaker 1 (7.5 Vascular Tumors)

agents.

4:15

S… Speaker 1 (7.5 Vascular Tumors)

That would then allow the immune system to recover,

4:17

S… Speaker 1 (7.5 Vascular Tumors)

and the immune system would then kill the HHV8 -infected cells

4:22

S… Speaker 1 (7.5 Vascular Tumors)

getting rid of the tumor.

4:23

S… Speaker 1 (7.5 Vascular Tumors)

So that's the way by which you would treat an AIDS patient.

4:25

S… Speaker 1 (7.5 Vascular Tumors)

And the third group of people that can get this are transplant patients.

4:29

S… Speaker 1 (7.5 Vascular Tumors)

And when transplant patients get it,

4:31

S… Speaker 1 (7.5 Vascular Tumors)

it involves the skin,

4:32

S… Speaker 1 (7.5 Vascular Tumors)

but it can also spread early.

4:33

S… Speaker 1 (7.5 Vascular Tumors)

And the treatment would be to give decreased immunosuppression.

4:37

S… Speaker 1 (7.5 Vascular Tumors)

If you decrease the immunosuppression,

4:39

S… Speaker 1 (7.5 Vascular Tumors)

you'll then allow the immune system to come back.

4:41

S… Speaker 1 (7.5 Vascular Tumors)

and the immune system would then kill the HHV -8 infected endothelial cells.

4:46

S… Speaker 1 (7.5 Vascular Tumors)

So these are the three classic patients,

4:49

S… Speaker 1 (7.5 Vascular Tumors)

and if I had to summarize Kaposi's sarcoma in just a couple words,

4:52

S… Speaker 1 (7.5 Vascular Tumors)

HHV -8 infection of endothelial cells,

4:56

S… Speaker 1 (7.5 Vascular Tumors)

so a tumor of endothelial cells,

4:57

S… Speaker 1 (7.5 Vascular Tumors)

creating those purple plaques,

4:59

S… Speaker 1 (7.5 Vascular Tumors)

and then classically seen in these three types of patients.

5:03

S… Speaker 1 (7.5 Vascular Tumors)

And that closes off our vascular section,

5:05

S… Speaker 1 (7.5 Vascular Tumors)

and in addition,

5:06

S… Speaker 1 (7.5 Vascular Tumors)

closes off the chapter.

Hierdie transkripsie is deur K- enkrities spraakerkenning voortgebring. Kan foute bevat takies wat teen die oorspronklike oudio vir kritiese gebruik bevestig is. Kunsmatige inteligensie beleid

❤️ Love STT.ai? Vertel jou vriende!

Opsomming

Kliek opsomming na genereer 'n kunsmatige opsomming van hierdie transkripsie.

Vra Kunsmatige inteligensie oor hierdie teks

Vra enigiets oor hierdie transkripsie 0°) die kunsmatige dele en antwoord.

Skryf nog'n inteken