Civil Rights Movement

Apr 21, 2026 12:06 · 18:27 · English · Whisper Turbo · 3 স্পিকার
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0:30
S… Speaker 1 (Civil Rights Movement)
Good evening America. Good evening and welcome to Lazy. The show where we look back at the decade that shook this country and this nation to its very core, the 1960s.
0:45
S… Speaker 1 (Civil Rights Movement)
My name is Wat Henderson and tonight we're not here to give you some history lesson from a textbook. No. Tonight we're here to feel history. To hear it from people who lived it, who breathed it, who bled for it. It is now 1975. Ten years have passed since President Lyndon B. Johnson signed the Voting White Act into law. Ten years since millions of black Americans were finally...
1:17
S… Speaker 1 (Civil Rights Movement)
finally granted the full legal rights to vote without obstruction and yet here we are still asking the question has america pretty changed the next theme is one that cannot be ignored cannot be minimized and cannot be forgotten the civil rights movements
1:41
S… Speaker 1 (Civil Rights Movement)
That image behind me, August 28, 1963, over 250,000 people gathered at the National Mall in Washington, D.C. They came from every corner of this country. They came with signs, with songs, with hope. And it was on this very day that a young Baptist preacher from Atlanta, Georgia, told the word, I have a dream. I have a dream that my four little children...
2:13
S… Speaker 1 (Civil Rights Movement)
will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin, but by the content of their character. I have a dream today. But before we get to the dream, we need to understand the nightmare that made that dream necessary. Joining me tonight are three extraordinary men who experience this era in a very different and very personal way. We have Dr. Marcus Collins, historian and professor at Howard University.
2:46
S… Speaker 1 (Civil Rights Movement)
who will guide us through the facts and the failures of this extraordinary decade. We have Mr. James Earl Thompson, a former frontline activist with the Student Nonviolent Coordinate Committee, the SNCC, who marched, who bled, and who never gave up.
3:04
S… Speaker 1 (Civil Rights Movement)
And finally, welcome Senator Rachel Holt, a Republican Senator who witnessed and participated in some of the most consequential political decisions of this entire era. Gentlemen, let us go back, let us remember, let us reckon with what happened in this country between 1954 and 1968.
3:29
S… Speaker 1 (Civil Rights Movement)
Because if we don't understand where we come from, we cannot possibly understand where we're going. Am I right? Dr. Collins, set the stage for us.
3:40
S… Speaker 2 (Civil Rights Movement)
What was America like before the Civil Rights Movement truly ignited? Thank you, Walt, and thank you for having me on this show tonight. To understand the Civil Rights Movement, you must first understand the world that made it inevitable. After the end of the Civil War in 1865 and the formal abolition of slavery, Black Americans were promised equality. They were granted citizenship, the right to vote, the right to be counted as full human beings under the law.
4:09
S… Speaker 2 (Civil Rights Movement)
But a promise was broken almost immediately. By the 1880s and into the early 20th century, a series of laws known as the Jim Crow laws had been enacted across a thousand states. This law legally enforced racial segregation in virtually every area of public life, schools, restaurants, buses, waterfrontains, hospitals, classrooms.
4:36
S… Speaker 2 (Civil Rights Movement)
The doctrine was called separate but equal, established by the Supreme Court in the 1896 case of Placey v. Ferguson, but let me very clear, it was never equal, not even close. Look at this map. Every state highlighted in red had active segregation laws as late as 1960. We are not talking about the distant past.
5:00
S… Speaker 1 (Civil Rights Movement)
are talking about 15 years ago. Now, let me give you some numbers. In 1960, Mississippi, one of the states with the largest black population in the entire South, had only 5% of eligible black voters registered to vote. 5%.
5:18
S… Speaker 1 (Civil Rights Movement)
This was not because they did not want to vote, but because they were met with deliberate, impossible literacy tests, poll taxes they could not afford, and trade violence and terror from white supremacist groups such as the Ku Klans. In 1960, the median income of a black family was roughly 53% of that of a white family.
5:44
S… Speaker 1 (Civil Rights Movement)
Black children attended schools that received on average half the funding of white schools. Black Americans were systematically excluded from labor unions. DL bill benefits and home ownership through a practice called redlining. The system was designated from top to bottom to keep black Americans down.
6:09
S… Speaker 1 (Civil Rights Movement)
The spark that truly united the modern civil rights movement came in 1954, with the Supreme Court ruling in Brown v. Board of Education, which declared school segregation unconstitutional. Then, in 1955, Mother Parks refused to give up her seat on a Montegomori, Alabama bus, and the Montegomori bus boycott began, lasting 381 days.
6:37
S… Speaker 1 (Civil Rights Movement)
and ending in a complete victory for the movement. In 1960, four black college students sat down at a lunch counter in Grand Borough, North Carolina and refused to leave after being refused service. Within weeks, similar protests had spread to over 15 cities across the southern United States. The movement had grown from a whisper to a voice that could not be ignored.
7:04
S… Speaker 1 (Civil Rights Movement)
The organizations driving this fight were powerful and determined. The NIACP, the National Association for the Advancement of Corrected People, the SCLC, the Southern
7:20
S… Speaker 1 (Civil Rights Movement)
Question Leadership Conference, lead by Dr. Martin Luther King, and the SNCC, the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee, which brought in a younger, more urgent, more radical energy to the struggle.
7:39
S… Speaker 1 (Civil Rights Movement)
This world is the world that James lived in. This is the world this man thought to change. And I think it's important that we never forget how total that system of oppression was before they began to dismantle it. Dr. Collins, you gave the numbers. Those numbers are real and they matter, of course. But let me give you something that numbers can never fully capture.
8:06
S… Speaker 2 (Civil Rights Movement)
Let me tell you what it felt to live inside of numbers. I was born in Selma, Alabama in 1941. I grew up knowing that there were places I could not go, water fountain I could not drink from, seats on a bus I could not sit in, not because of anything I had done, not because of the person I was, but only because of the color of my skin.
8:34
S… Speaker 2 (Civil Rights Movement)
And as a child, you're accepted because that is all you have ever known. But then you get older and something inside you starts to burn. For me, that fire started in 1960. I was 19 years old when I heard about the Greensboro sit-ins on the radio. Four black students sat at the white-only counter of the Woolworths store in Greensboro, North Carolina.
9:02
S… Speaker 2 (Civil Rights Movement)
They ordered coffee and refused to leave when they were denied the service. And I remember thinking, those young men are my age. If they can do it, I can do it. I joined the SNCC shortly after. And I want to tell you what, joining that organization changed my life completely. We were trained in non-violence.
9:31
S… Speaker 2 (Civil Rights Movement)
And that sounds simple, but it was honestly one of the hardest things I have ever had to do in my life. During training, they would protest with us. Someone would stand over you, scream in your face, bash you, insult you, sometimes spit on you, and you had to sit there. You had to not react. You had to lock them in the eye with complete genuity. Because our genuity was a protest. Our calm was a weapon.
10:00
S… Speaker 2 (Civil Rights Movement)
August 28th, 1963 was the march on Washington and Walt. I'm proud to say I was there. I was 20 years old and I stood in the aqua of 250,000 people, black and white, young and old, from every state in this union, and I heard Dr. King speak those words. When he said, I have a dream...
10:25
S… Speaker 2 (Civil Rights Movement)
I'm not ashamed to tell you I wept. I wept because for the first time in my life, standing in that crowd actually felt like this country might actually become what it had always claimed to be. But then came March 7th 1965. Bloody Sunday. We were marching from Selma to Montgomery peacefully to demand our constitution right to vote. 600 of 600 of us.
10:57
S… Speaker 2 (Civil Rights Movement)
We crossed the Edmund Petrus bridge, and on the other side, we saw state troopers lined up on horseback. They ordered to turn back, we didn't move, and they charged, with tear gas, with horses. Walt, I saw men, good, peaceful, brave men, among them, they were...
11:30
S… Speaker 2 (Civil Rights Movement)
My friends, they got beaten to the ground right in front of me. I myself was shocked. I still carry the memory of that day in my body every single morning when I wake up. But here is what I want every person watching tonight to understand. We get back up. We always get back up. Because
12:05
S… Speaker 2 (Civil Rights Movement)
The cause was much important than the pain. And two months later, the Voting Rights Act was signed, our blood underbredged, helped make that happen, and I carried that too. James, thank you, truly. This is a testimony that this country needs to hear and to never forget.
12:37
S… Speaker 3 (Civil Rights Movement)
I want to turn now to a man who spread this movement from an entirely different vantage point. Not in the streets, not on the bridge, but in the halls of power in Washington DC, where the laws were being debated, negotiated, and ultimately written. Senator Rachel Holt.
12:59
S… Speaker 3 (Civil Rights Movement)
You were a Republican senator during this entire period and I know and I think our audience deserve to hear this that you did not all stand on the right side of the issue Can you tell us honestly about that journey? Well, I appreciate that question and yes, I'm going to be completely honest with you tonight because I think this show and this moment deserve nothing less than honesty
13:28
S… Speaker 1 (Civil Rights Movement)
When the civil rights movement began gaining real national momentum in the early 1950s, I was not an ally. I want to be straightforward about that. I represent a conservative district in Tunisia, and many of my constituents did not want federal intervention in what they call their way of life.
13:51
S… Speaker 1 (Civil Rights Movement)
They believed in state rights. They believed the federal government had nothing to do and not telling them how to run their school, their business, their communities. And I reflect these views in my vote and in my public statement. That was my job as their representative, but it was also, if I'm being fully honest with all of you.
14:19
S… Speaker 1 (Civil Rights Movement)
My own belief at the time. I told myself stories. I told myself this was about constitutional principles, about the proper limits of federal power. I told myself that change needed to come slowly, organically. I used the language of moderation to avoid discomfort of confrontation. And looking back now, in 1975, I'm not proud about it.
14:46
S… Speaker 1 (Civil Rights Movement)
But then came March 7, 1965. Bloody Sunday. And like millions of other Americans, I watched it happen on my television set. I sat in my living room in Nashville.
15:00
S… Speaker 1 (Civil Rights Movement)
and i watched alabama state troopers on horseback charge into a crowd of peaceful unarmed american children on an american bridge in the day with cameras rolling i watched a young man named john lewis who is one of the bravest human being i ever heard about and concerned about get his skull fractured by police
15:27
S… Speaker 1 (Civil Rights Movement)
Another man named Jimmy Lee Jackson was killed by the police and something fundamental broke open in me that evening because I could no longer tell myself this was about constitutional theories or state rights or the pace of changes.
15:51
S… Speaker 1 (Civil Rights Movement)
What I saw was wrong, very wrong, and there was no argument in this world that could make it change. When the Civil Rights Act of 1964 came to a vote in the Senate, I was among the Republicans who voted no, and I regret it. But when the Voting Rights Act of 1965 came for a vote, I voted yes this time.
16:16
S… Speaker 1 (Civil Rights Movement)
without any hesitation. It caused me problems like I lost major donors, I lost the support of powerful figures of my own party, I received trading letters and I lost a very good friend just because I opened my mind. I will tell you this and I mean every word that coming of my mouth.
16:42
S… Speaker 1 (Civil Rights Movement)
This vote I will carry with pride for the rest of my life, not because I deserve the credit for doing what was simple and obvious thing to do, but because I opened my mind for the person who was discriminated in this world. James, Senator Holt, Dr. Collins, thank you from the bottom of my heart.
17:07
S… Speaker 2 (Civil Rights Movement)
Thank you for your honesty, your courage, and your truth tonight. You have given us not just history this evening, you gave us consciousness. And in 1975, consciousness is still a radical act. The civil rights movement did not begin with a speech, and it did not end with a law.
17:31
S… Speaker 2 (Civil Rights Movement)
It began with the daily grinding indignity of a people told they were less than human. And it continues today, in every courtroom, every school, every voting booth, and every hiring office, where that indignity is still being challenged and confronted. Dr. Martin Luther King once said that the arc of the moral universe is long.
17:58
S… Speaker 2 (Civil Rights Movement)
But it bends toward justice. Every single one of us, regardless of race, regardless of party, regardless of where we were born or what we believed in 10 years ago, let's keep bending that arc together because it does not bend on its own. This has been The Legacy. Thank you all for watching. Good night, America.

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