How To Discover Weird New Particles - Emergent Quantum Quasiparticles
Jul 03, 2026 17:01
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Speaker 1 (How To Discover Weird New Particles - Emergent Quantum Quasiparticles)
Physicists love particles,
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and with good reason.
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Almost everything in the universe is made up of particles,
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so the physicist's approach to understanding the universe is to understand the particles that make it up.
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If you want to discover and catalog new particles,
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which physicists do,
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here are three approaches you can take.
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First,
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you can take old particles we already know stuff about and just stick them together to build new
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composite particles.
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That's what chemists and molecular biologists spend a lot of their time doing,
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and it's kind of like figuring out what you can build with Legos.
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Second, you can smash old particles together with ever -increasing violence,
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either hoping to break an old particle apart into previously unknown constituents,
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or to excite a new particle into existence from the quantum fields that underlie
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all reality.
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Sometimes this works,
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and the smashing reveals an entirely new,
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fundamental building block of the universe,
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like quarks,
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or the Higgs boson.
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But most of the time it just makes a big mess,
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an explosion of old particles we already know about.
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Third,
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you can put old particles in new environments,
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so that they behave differently.
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or put old particles together in new ways so that new particle -like behaviors emerge
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through their collective quantum interactions.
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For example,
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in certain crystals,
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the particles that move around are not electrons themselves,
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but in fact holes or gaps in a densely packed sea of electrons.
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Or when you make certain materials really,
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really cold,
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free electrons in them stop acting like electrons and team up in pairs to
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act like weird electron -only atoms that move around with essentially no resistance.
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Or, when you make certain metals really cold,
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electrons in them start acting as if they were a thousand times heavier than normal.
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Or, if you make a super thin,
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essentially two -dimensional sheet of gallium arsenide with a perpendicular magnetic field
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and a parallel electric field and make it really cold,
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electrons start behaving as if they had an electric charge that's a fraction of what they normally
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do. Or,
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if you force electrons into a special one -dimensional line,
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particles that move back and forth along that line look like electrons,
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except separated so that some of them have the charge of an electron but no spin,
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while others have the spin but no charge.
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Or,
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if you cool helium down super super cold,
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you'll find emergent particles that behave like Higgs bosons.
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These emergent Higgs bosons were first discovered in 1973,
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40 years before the Higgs boson fundamental particle was discovered at the
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Large Hadron Collider by violently smashing together protons.
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Of course, these particles that emerge when you put collections of electrons together in materials
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are not fundamental constituents of the universe,
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but they're far more diverse and bizarre and weird and cool.
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And unlike searching for fundamental particles where you just have to wait and see what nature
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has in store, we can actively find and curate new emergent particles
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simply by making different weird materials that allow their emergent properties to come
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to life.
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Plus,
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materials with emergent particles have real and far -reaching practical technological use.
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in electronics,
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computer chips,
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levitating high -speed trains,
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and even the magnets and detectors used to discover the Higgs boson at the
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Large Hadron Collider.
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This video was supported
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in part by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation's Emergent Phenomena in Quantum Systems
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initiative.
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EPICS supports discovery -driven research on novel electronic materials
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and aims to stimulate breakthroughs to fundamentally change our understanding of the organizing
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principles of complex matter.
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To learn more,
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visit moore .org or follow the Moore Foundation on Twitter.
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