31049713528-1-192

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S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
Hello, everyone.
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S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
Welcome back to American Textbook Reading.
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I'm Brian Stewart.
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In this lesson,
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we are on Unit 7,
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and we are talking about things that change.
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So we're talking about time periods,
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really.
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You will discover that everything changes over time.
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S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
We say over time.
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S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
When we talk about going from the past to the future,
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S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
we're talking about going over time.
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S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
So we're going to be talking about...
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S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
How do things change over time?
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S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
But of course,
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there are many ideas and words that we must study first.
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Let's begin with our first word,
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which is history.
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S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
History.
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S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
What is history?
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S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
History is basically the story.
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S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
We can see story is in the word history.
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S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
Story of events.
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S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
Events.
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S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
Events are things that happen.
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S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
Something that happened that happened in earlier
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times.
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S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
Earlier times.
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S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
So it was earlier than now.
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S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
So it's interesting.
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S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
Things that happened in the
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S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
future.
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S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
When we talk about the past,
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S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
we say things that happened in the past.
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S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
History is in the past.
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S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
They are things that happened.
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S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
Stories based on true events,
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S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
right? Not made -up events,
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but true events that happened in the past.
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S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
Now, when we talk about history,
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S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
is history...
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S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
throughout the the entire history of the of the earth do we know
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it very well we don't know it very well we can also talk about the
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idea of prehistory prehistory
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prehistory and when we talk about
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S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
pre we mean before and we talk about before history prehistoric
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prehistoric and we could put that word together prehistoric
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prehistoric pre means before
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How can things be before history?
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S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
When we think about history,
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we think about human beings writing down what
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happened in earlier times.
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That's history.
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But a long time ago,
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people didn't write things down.
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And a long time ago,
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there were no people.
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S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
Like in the time of the dinosaurs or before that.
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That's prehistoric.
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S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
So when we talk about prehistoric,
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we mean...
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before humans started writing history.
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So a long,
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long time ago.
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Also dinosaurs,
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also early human beings,
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S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
before they started writing things,
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we say that's prehistoric.
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S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
So if you hear prehistoric,
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S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
it means a long time ago,
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before people started writing down history.
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Okay.
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Of course,
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S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
we're talking about the past,
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and I taught you guys before,
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in the past.
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When we talk about in the past,
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we say in the past.
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Okay?
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S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
So past is the time before now.
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Before now is a past.
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We say in the past.
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Things that happened in the past.
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Okay?
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That's before now.
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We,
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of course, can also say the present.
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The present.
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And again, we say in the past.
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Present. In the present.
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Things that are happening.
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Things that are happening now or
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in the present.
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The time now.
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Now and present is the same thing.
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They are happening in the present.
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Now.
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They are happening now.
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That's the present.
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We live in the present.
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We don't live in the past.
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We don't live in the future.
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S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
We live in the present.
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Right now.
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S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
But the present.
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S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
It goes by very quickly,
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doesn't it?
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It's very interesting.
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Okay,
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so that's the present.
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S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
And then we,
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of course, have the future.
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S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
And we also say in the future.
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S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
So you can use this expression very commonly
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with past,
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present,
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future.
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S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
In the past.
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S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
In the present.
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S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
In the future.
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S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
Things that will happen,
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right?
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Things that will happen.
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S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
that will happen things that
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will happen in the future okay the time to come after
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now so the past is before now the present is now the
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future is after now and we talk about things that will happen
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in the future in the past in the present in
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the future what
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What will the future look like?
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S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
What will the future look like?
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Maybe it will look like this.
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This is really cool looking,
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isn't it?
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Here's another video.
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S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
Here's a video of what things might look like in the
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future.
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We can see very tall buildings.
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We can see these little things going back and forth.
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What do you think they are?
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They're cars.
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They're vehicles.
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S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
That would be really cool,
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wouldn't it?
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To be able to fly a vehicle instead of on the ground.
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but in the air.
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And this is an example of what people think the future will
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look like.
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We don't know what the future will look like.
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S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
We can only imagine or guess.
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S… Speaker 2 (31049713528-1-192)
Okay,
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S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
when we talk about the future,
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S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
we're not sure about the future.
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S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
We don't know what will be true.
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S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
When we talk about the past,
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S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
we have a pretty good idea of what is true in the past,
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S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
especially when people wrote down things.
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S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
We look for facts.
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S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
Facts are things that are true and can be
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proven.
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S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
You can prove facts,
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something that is true.
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We know it happened because people wrote about it.
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Not just one person,
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but many people wrote about it.
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And maybe there's evidence for something
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that happened.
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Even before,
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like, for example,
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prehistoric time.
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How do we know dinosaurs existed?
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Nobody wrote it down,
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but dinosaurs did exist.
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It's a fact.
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We can prove it because we can find their bones.
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We can put the bones together.
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Oh, this was a dinosaur.
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It was a long time ago.
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We can find out when it happened by looking at the earth and seeing
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how deep those bones are found.
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So we can prove certain things about the past.
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If we can be proven,
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it's a fact.
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If it's true,
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S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
it's a fact.
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But what about the opposite of fact the opposite of fact
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is?
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It's not true.
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Something that is made up and not
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true.
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Made up is interesting.
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Do you ever imagine things?
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When you're playing,
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do you imagine playing with somebody who's not there?
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Or do you imagine with your friends making a story that didn't really happen?
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Or you think about the past or the future and you make a story.
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You make it up.
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that's fiction it's not true of course these creatures are
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not true but these creatures exist in in
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books and in literature now that's an interesting point fiction
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S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
if you go into a library there are two big sections in
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your library one section is fiction
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I want to read about Harry Potter.
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Then you go to the fiction.
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That's made up.
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It's not true.
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But sometimes you want to learn about the past.
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You want to learn about true things.
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Do you ask the librarian,
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excuse me,
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where is your true section?
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No, you ask for the non -fiction section.
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Non -fiction.
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When we talk about books,
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right?
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S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
There are two classifications for books,
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fiction and nonfiction.
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Now,
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when I was your age,
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this kind of confused me a little bit because fiction means not true,
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right?
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So that means not true.
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But non means not.
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So it's a little confusing,
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isn't it?
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Not,
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not true.
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Well,
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if you have two negatives in English,
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They cancel each other out.
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You're left with true.
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Okay?
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So if you have two negatives...
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They cancel each other out.
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You're left with what remains is true.
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So the two sections in the library,
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fiction,
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nonfiction.
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Nonfiction means true.
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Don't get confused by that.
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Sounds a little confusing.
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But nonfiction means true.
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Fiction,
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not true.
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So there's two sections in your library.
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If you want to read about Harry Potter,
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you will go to the fiction section.
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But if you want to learn about Korean history,
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you will go to the non -fiction section.
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Two sections in the library.
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You want fiction,
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not true,
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made -up stories,
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fairy tales,
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funny stories,
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go to the fiction section.
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But if you want true stories about the past or about science or something
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like that, go to the non -fiction section.
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Those are the two main sections in the library.
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Two main sections for books.
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Okay.
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Let's move on to our chart.
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We're talking about things that change over time.
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We're talking about different time periods.
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Everything changes over time,
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as you know.
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If we look at the past,
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if we go to the non -fiction section of the library and read books about the past,
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we can see that things were much different in the past.
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We have older buildings.
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They're not very tall.
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The streets are dirt.
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Then we look at the present.
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And we see,
10:00
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
wow, the buildings are really tall now.
10:03
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
And the streets,
10:04
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
we can't even see the streets,
10:05
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
but the streets are paved,
10:06
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
right? Many more people,
10:08
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
much bigger cities than in the past.
10:11
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
In the past,
10:12
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
we can see that they used a
10:16
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
strange device,
10:18
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
right?
10:18
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
Not a strange device,
10:19
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
it's actually a common device for counting.
10:22
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
They would put the beads to one side to count things,
10:25
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
and that's how they counted things in the past.
10:27
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
But nowadays,
10:28
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
we can use a computer.
10:30
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
We put the numbers in,
10:31
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
and we can calculate,
10:33
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
or we can add.
10:35
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
We can use numbers very easily,
10:37
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
and in very quickly,
10:38
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
much more different ways using a computer.
10:43
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
Our tools to do our work have improved and
10:47
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
become much faster and more complicated,
10:49
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
too.
10:50
S… Speaker 2 (31049713528-1-192)
In the past,
10:51
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
right, we were young.
10:52
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
In the past in your life,
10:54
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
right, you were a baby.
10:55
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
You may not be this old,
10:58
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
but you're almost,
10:58
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
you're getting there,
10:59
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
right?
11:00
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
You're getting older.
11:01
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
So again,
11:01
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
past, you know,
11:02
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
you're the baby.
11:03
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
And present,
11:04
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
perhaps you were this age or maybe just a little bit younger.
11:07
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
Okay, so we can see,
11:09
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
though, how things change over time.
11:12
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
Old city,
11:13
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
old cities to new cities.
11:15
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
Old tools to new tools.
11:18
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
Young people become older people,
11:21
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
so things change over time.
11:24
S… Speaker 2 (31049713528-1-192)
Okay,
11:25
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
let's match the words with their definitions.
11:28
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
Our words are history,
11:30
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
history,
11:31
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
past,
11:33
S… Speaker 2 (31049713528-1-192)
present,
11:34
S… Speaker 2 (31049713528-1-192)
present,
11:35
S… Speaker 2 (31049713528-1-192)
future,
11:37
S… Speaker 2 (31049713528-1-192)
future,
11:38
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
fact,
11:40
S… Speaker 2 (31049713528-1-192)
fact,
11:41
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
and fiction.
11:44
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
Fiction.
11:45
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
Remember these two are opposites,
11:48
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
right?
11:49
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
Okay.
11:49
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
Number one,
11:51
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
the time now.
11:52
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
So the time now,
11:53
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
right now.
11:54
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
What do we call that time?
11:56
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
Which of these words do we use to describe the time?
12:00
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
What is happening right now?
12:02
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
Things that are happening right now,
12:04
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
we say that they happen in the present.
12:07
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
It's happening right now.
12:08
S… Speaker 2 (31049713528-1-192)
Okay?
12:09
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
So that's the present.
12:10
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
Now the time before now.
12:14
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
behind us right the time before now would be
12:18
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
of course the past it happened in the past
12:22
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
it's a time before now not now but before now
12:26
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
then we have the time to come after now so
12:30
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
after now right not the present not now but
12:35
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
after later
12:37
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
We, of course,
12:38
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
call that the future,
12:39
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
okay?
12:40
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
So we have present,
12:41
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
past, and future,
12:42
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
right?
12:42
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
We have all those words right here.
12:43
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
Actually, past,
12:44
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
present,
12:45
S… Speaker 2 (31049713528-1-192)
future.
12:46
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
That's the normal order,
12:47
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
right? Okay,
12:48
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
so that matches these three words.
12:49
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
Let's move on to the next three words.
12:52
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
Number four.
12:53
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
A thing that is true and can be
12:58
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
proven.
12:58
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
It can be proven.
13:00
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
So if it can be proven,
13:02
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
it is true.
13:04
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
We call that a fact.
13:07
S… Speaker 2 (31049713528-1-192)
It's a fact.
13:08
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
It's true.
13:08
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
It really happened.
13:10
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
Or we can prove that it happened.
13:13
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
Like the dinosaurs.
13:14
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
We know dinosaurs are a fact that they existed because we can
13:18
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
prove their existence.
13:20
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
We can see the evidence.
13:22
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
Okay, number five,
13:24
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
something that is made up,
13:27
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
usually in people's minds.
13:28
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
We make up a story.
13:30
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
We make up very funny or interesting stories,
13:33
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
and some people write them down,
13:35
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
and we enjoy reading those stories,
13:37
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
right?
13:38
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
It's not true.
13:39
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
What do we call that?
13:40
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
We call that fiction.
13:42
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
So if you want to read an interesting or funny imaginary
13:46
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
story,
13:47
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
you will look for fiction.
13:50
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
Number six,
13:51
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
the story of events that happened in earlier times.
13:55
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
The story,
13:56
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
remember that word story.
13:58
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
What other word is similar to that?
14:00
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
Of course, we can see history,
14:02
S… Speaker 2 (31049713528-1-192)
history.
14:03
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
Don't say high story,
14:05
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
that's wrong,
14:06
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
but it's history,
14:07
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
right?
14:07
S… Speaker 2 (31049713528-1-192)
History.
14:08
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
So the story of events that happened in earlier times
14:12
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
that happened in the past.
14:14
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
That, of course,
14:15
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
is history.
14:16
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
And,
14:16
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
of course, when you're talking about history,
14:18
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
you're talking about true.
14:19
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
It's a true story,
14:20
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
okay?
14:21
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
History is supposedly true.
14:23
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
It's supposed to be true.
14:25
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
Now, sometimes we have to guess,
14:27
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
but we guess about history sometimes.
14:29
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
Sure, maybe it's not 100 % true,
14:32
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
but it's what we think is true.
14:34
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
So the story of events that happened in earlier times is history.
14:39
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
Okay, so this is our timeline.
14:40
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
It's a chart showing a timeline.
14:43
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
Now, a timeline is a very useful tool to show how
14:47
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
things change over time.
14:49
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
That's what we have here,
14:50
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
how things change over time.
14:53
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
Now,
14:54
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
what we have here is we have our bar,
14:56
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
right?
14:57
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
And this shows ages.
14:58
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
And what we're looking at...
15:00
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
is a timeline for people or for in this case a person
15:04
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
right what is a timeline how do things change over time
15:08
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
past usually in the past of course timelines are on the past
15:12
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
but in the far past more recent past and recent past so
15:17
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
we see a timeline here is ages right so we have zero years
15:21
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
old
15:22
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
In Korean,
15:23
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
I think you say one year old,
15:25
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
right? This is an American timeline,
15:26
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
okay?
15:27
S… Speaker 2 (31049713528-1-192)
So zero,
15:28
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
one,
15:28
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
two, three,
15:29
S… Speaker 2 (31049713528-1-192)
four, five,
15:30
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
six, seven years old.
15:33
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
How do things change?
15:35
S… Speaker 2 (31049713528-1-192)
Well, of course,
15:35
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
how do people change over time?
15:37
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
When a baby is born,
15:39
S… Speaker 2 (31049713528-1-192)
right,
15:39
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
we say one day old or two days old in American
15:44
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
system.
15:44
S… Speaker 2 (31049713528-1-192)
Tom is born.
15:46
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
He's very small,
15:48
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
very cute,
15:49
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
right?
15:50
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
He sleeps a lot,
15:51
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
right?
15:52
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
just a baby right tom is a baby right when he's born newborn
15:56
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
baby but when tom is four years old tom's fourth birthday
16:00
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
see he got bigger and he's he seems to be more alert
16:05
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
and he seems to know a little bit more about what's going on
16:09
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
right he's a four -year -old boy now when tom after three
16:13
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
years tom has grown bigger
16:15
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
And he's becoming more adventurous and more
16:19
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
able to do things.
16:20
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
Tom's first bike.
16:21
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
Then he starts to learn how to ride a bike.
16:24
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
He's becoming more and more independent.
16:27
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
And he's becoming more and more able to do things like
16:31
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
ride a bike or run or play with his friends,
16:35
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
go out with his friends by himself.
16:38
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
So this is a timeline showing how a person changes over
16:42
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
time.
16:42
S… Speaker 2 (31049713528-1-192)
Of course,
16:43
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
timelines can be used for many things,
16:46
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
not just people.
16:47
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
You could have a timeline for cities.
16:49
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
You can show a city 500 years ago,
16:53
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
100 years ago,
16:55
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
and...
16:57
S… Speaker 2 (31049713528-1-192)
Last week,
16:58
S… Speaker 2 (31049713528-1-192)
right?
16:58
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
So timelines can be used for different things,
17:01
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
not just people,
17:02
S… Speaker 2 (31049713528-1-192)
but cities,
17:03
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
countries,
17:04
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
all sorts of things.
17:06
S… Speaker 2 (31049713528-1-192)
The earth,
17:06
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
we can show timeline and show how things have changed over time
17:11
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
using timelines.
17:12
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
Okay,
17:13
S… Speaker 1 (31049713528-1-192)
here we have another timeline.

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