31049711988-1-192

May 16, 2026 11:36 · 40:14 · English · Whisper Turbo · 2 Cynhadledd
Mae'r trosglwyddiad hwn yn darfod heddiw. Uwchraddio i storfa barhaol →
Mynegai Llythrennedd
Dangos yn Unig
0:10
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
Hello, everybody.
0:11
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
Welcome back to American Textbook Reading.
0:13
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
I'm Brian Stewart.
0:14
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
We're going over lesson four right now in our book.
0:17
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
We're talking about people need laws.
0:21
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
In this unit,
0:22
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
you will discover why citizens must follow
0:26
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
laws.
0:27
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
So why do citizens,
0:29
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
why should they follow the law?
0:31
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
Let's take a look,
0:32
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
though, of course, when we talk about citizens,
0:34
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
what exactly do we mean by citizen?
0:38
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
citizen is a person so a citizen is a person it's a
0:42
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
it's a human being who lives and works in
0:46
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
a community right we talked about community before so a
0:50
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
person who lives and works in a community are you a citizen yes of
0:55
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
course you are a citizen of your community you are also a
0:59
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
citizen
1:00
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
of your country and that's very important people are usually when
1:04
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
they think about citizens they are citizens of different countries but
1:08
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
you are also a citizen in your community this means that these people who live
1:12
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
and work together they are citizens they have rights and responsibilities that
1:16
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
they have to follow and part of the responsibilities of
1:21
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
a citizen is to follow the law now a law
1:25
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
is a rule that people
1:28
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
in a community must follow.
1:30
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
It's kind of interesting.
1:31
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
By the way,
1:32
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
we say our law is a rule,
1:34
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
but is there a difference between law and rule?
1:37
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
Actually,
1:38
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
there is a little bit of a difference,
1:39
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
right?
1:40
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
Laws are more formal.
1:42
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
Laws are made by larger groups of people like governments.
1:47
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
And if you break the law,
1:49
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
the punishment is a lot stronger than if you break
1:54
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
a rule.
1:55
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
A rule is usually made by smaller organizations,
1:58
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
less formal.
1:59
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
For example,
2:00
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
your school has rules.
2:02
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
Your parents have rules for the family.
2:05
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
If you break a rule in school or in your family,
2:09
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
the punishment is probably not as strong as breaking
2:13
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
the law.
2:14
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
If you break a law...
2:15
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
That's really serious punishment.
2:18
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
But if you break a rule,
2:19
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
it's less punishment.
2:21
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
However,
2:21
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
you should always obey or follow the
2:25
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
law or the rule.
2:27
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
It's the rule that people in a community must follow.
2:31
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
People, the community makes those laws.
2:33
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
Now I just said you must follow or obey those rules.
2:37
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
Obey,
2:38
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
another word that is very similar to that,
2:40
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
is follow.
2:43
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
Obey means to do what you were told to do.
2:46
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
So if this girl tells the dog to do something,
2:48
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
that dog should obey her.
2:50
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
Of course,
2:52
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
we're not dogs,
2:53
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
we're human beings,
2:54
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
but we can also follow or obey the laws and the rules
2:59
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
of our community.
3:00
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
The laws of our community,
3:01
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
we should follow or obey the rules of our school and our families.
3:05
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
So when we talk about rules and laws,
3:08
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
we think about what verbs we use.
3:11
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
With those words we use obey or follow.
3:14
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
Obey the law.
3:16
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
Obey the rules.
3:17
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
Follow the law.
3:19
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
Follow the rules.
3:21
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
So we use obey or follow.
3:23
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
Either one,
3:24
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
it's okay, doesn't matter.
3:26
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
And we use those words with laws and rules.
3:29
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
So that's a very important thing.
3:30
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
Citizens must obey the laws of the community.
3:33
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
I just used three of the vocabulary words,
3:36
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
and that's what we're talking about.
3:37
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
What makes a good citizen?
3:39
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
Now,
3:41
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
why should we follow or obey the law?
3:44
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
Because if we do,
3:46
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
that means that it will be fair.
3:48
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
our community will be fair our lives will be fair what
3:53
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
does that mean if something is fair it means equal to everyone that means that
3:57
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
this person and this person are equal in their situation in
4:01
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
their opportunities in their life everybody should have the equal
4:05
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
opportunity to do what they want to everybody should
4:09
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
have equal laws
4:12
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
Everybody should follow the same laws means that everybody is equal,
4:16
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
everybody is fair.
4:17
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
Equal means the same,
4:19
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
right?
4:20
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
If everybody is the same or everybody has the same responsibilities
4:24
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
and everybody has the same responsibility and they
4:28
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
follow the same rules,
4:29
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
that will be a fair society.
4:31
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
It will be fair.
4:32
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
If somebody is not following the law or somebody breaks
4:37
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
the rules, you can say,
4:38
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
hey, that's not fair.
4:41
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
That's not fair.
4:43
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
If you say it's not fair,
4:45
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
it's not equal.
4:46
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
Somebody is trying to be better than other people.
4:49
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
That's not fair.
4:50
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
They should be fair.
4:51
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
Everybody should have the same.
4:52
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
Everybody should be the same.
4:54
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
That's equal.
4:55
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
That is fair.
5:00
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
Follow laws or obey the rules is because it will be safe.
5:03
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
Safe, of course,
5:04
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
means in no danger.
5:06
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
Of course,
5:07
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
we're talking about traffic laws or usually traffic laws.
5:11
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
If you follow the traffic laws,
5:14
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
people will be safe.
5:15
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
Nobody will get hurt.
5:16
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
It's not just traffic laws,
5:18
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
but there are many other laws like that too,
5:20
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
right?
5:20
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
Don't steal,
5:21
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
right?
5:22
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
Somebody might hurt somebody.
5:23
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
Somebody might get in a fight.
5:25
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
Follow the laws.
5:27
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
Obey the rules.
5:28
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
Everybody will be safe,
5:29
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
in no danger.
5:31
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
They will not be in danger.
5:34
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
Also, another reason to follow laws and rules is to have
5:38
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
a clean society.
5:39
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
So we have a clean society,
5:41
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
it means not dirty.
5:42
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
We don't like to go out on the street and see trash and
5:46
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
all sorts of dirty things laying around.
5:49
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
We want our society,
5:51
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
our streets,
5:52
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
our neighborhood to be clean and nice to live in.
5:55
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
So we can see there are three big reasons here to follow rules
5:59
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
or laws.
6:01
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
We want things to be fair,
6:03
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
we want things to be safe,
6:05
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
and we want things to be clean.
6:07
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
Those are all reasons we should follow the law or obey the
6:11
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
law.
6:13
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
Okay, now let's talk about some other idea in
6:17
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
relation to laws or rules.
6:19
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
We have traffic sign here.
6:21
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
It's a two -word vocabulary.
6:23
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
Traffic sign.
6:25
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
Now a sign,
6:26
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
a sign of course,
6:27
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
is some large poster or billboard,
6:31
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
right, that you can see.
6:33
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
There's some symbols and letters on it that tell you a certain thing.
6:36
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
It has a certain meaning behind that sign.
6:38
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
It's a sign that gives drivers...
6:42
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
and walkers information you are probably not
6:46
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
a driver you're probably a walker right so but
6:50
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
we need when we're on the streets we need information we need to know what is
6:54
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
the law sometimes we don't know the law we have to look at the
6:58
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
signs to understand what is the law this one says the law is
7:03
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
this street is one way you can't drive two ways down the street it's
7:07
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
only one way
7:08
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
This sign says,
7:09
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
okay, you can go right or you can go left,
7:12
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
either way,
7:13
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
but you can't go straight.
7:15
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
This one says,
7:16
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
don't enter,
7:17
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
do not enter,
7:18
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
do not go down this way.
7:19
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
Maybe it's a one -way street,
7:20
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
you don't want to go the wrong way.
7:22
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
So drivers and people who are walking,
7:25
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
walkers,
7:25
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
can see these traffic signs very quickly and know what to
7:29
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
do, what the law is,
7:31
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
and they obey these laws.
7:32
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
They follow these signs and they'll be safe.
7:37
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
and they'll be happy right and it'll be fair for everybody okay
7:41
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
Now, we have a bad situation here.
7:44
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
Sometimes,
7:45
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
of course, people might break the law.
7:48
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
And that's not right.
7:49
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
You shouldn't break the law.
7:50
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
You shouldn't break the rules,
7:52
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
right?
7:53
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
That means to do something that laws tell
7:57
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
us is wrong.
7:58
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
If the law says don't do something,
8:01
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
don't do it.
8:02
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
This person is breaking the law.
8:04
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
The sign says,
8:05
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
please do not climb the hill.
8:07
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
This person...
8:09
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
is about to climb the hill.
8:10
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
She is breaking the law.
8:13
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
So to break a law,
8:14
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
you could also break the rules,
8:16
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
right?
8:17
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
Break the rules.
8:18
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
That's not correct.
8:21
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
Somebody who breaks the law,
8:22
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
somebody who breaks the rules,
8:23
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
they are doing something that is wrong.
8:26
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
By the way,
8:27
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
what do you call somebody who breaks a law?
8:29
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
Somebody who breaks a law is called a criminal.
8:36
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
criminals are people who break laws and if they're
8:40
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
caught the police catch them the punishment is very strong they go to jail don't
8:44
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
they so criminals break laws citizens good
8:48
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
citizens do not break the law okay now when people
8:53
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
break laws they make problems so a problem is a
8:57
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
trouble or a difficulty right so when people
9:00
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
They don't break laws.
9:01
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
They don't obey the rules.
9:02
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
They're making problems for everybody else.
9:05
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
Now,
9:06
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
when you cause trouble,
9:08
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
you give somebody trouble.
9:11
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
Give trouble.
9:12
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
Don't give other people trouble.
9:15
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
Don't make difficulties.
9:18
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
Make difficulties.
9:19
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
You can also say,
9:20
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
make a problem.
9:22
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
But you shouldn't do these things.
9:23
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
Make difficulties.
9:28
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
Don't give trouble.
9:29
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
Don't.
9:30
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
I'll put that in big letters over here.
9:32
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
Don't give trouble.
9:34
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
Don't make difficulties.
9:35
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
Follow the law.
9:37
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
If you do these things,
9:38
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
you're making a problem.
9:39
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
You're making a problem.
9:41
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
Don't make a problem.
9:43
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
This lady has a problem.
9:45
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
She's very upset about something.
9:47
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
She has a problem.
9:49
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
Her life is difficult.
9:50
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
She has some trouble.
9:52
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
We don't want to have trouble.
9:53
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
We don't want to have difficulties,
9:55
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
so follow the laws.
9:56
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
Don't make problems.
9:58
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
Okay.
10:00
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
Let's take a look at our chart here.
10:00
S… Speaker 2 (31049711988-1-192)
Why must citizens follow laws?
10:03
S… Speaker 2 (31049711988-1-192)
Well, we saw a little bit of those ideas,
10:05
S… Speaker 2 (31049711988-1-192)
right, in the vocabulary section,
10:08
S… Speaker 2 (31049711988-1-192)
right? We saw that it's important for different ideas.
10:10
S… Speaker 2 (31049711988-1-192)
We want to be fair,
10:12
S… Speaker 2 (31049711988-1-192)
we want to be safe,
10:13
S… Speaker 2 (31049711988-1-192)
we want to be clean.
10:14
S… Speaker 2 (31049711988-1-192)
Those are things,
10:15
S… Speaker 2 (31049711988-1-192)
those are good reasons that we should not break laws.
10:20
S… Speaker 2 (31049711988-1-192)
We have an interesting chart here.
10:22
S… Speaker 2 (31049711988-1-192)
Here we have the laws.
10:23
S… Speaker 2 (31049711988-1-192)
Now if you obey them,
10:24
S… Speaker 2 (31049711988-1-192)
this is what happens.
10:25
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
If you break the law,
10:26
S… Speaker 2 (31049711988-1-192)
this is what happens over here.
10:28
S… Speaker 2 (31049711988-1-192)
So why should we follow the laws?
10:30
S… Speaker 2 (31049711988-1-192)
Well, if you obey the laws,
10:32
S… Speaker 2 (31049711988-1-192)
things are fair,
10:33
S… Speaker 2 (31049711988-1-192)
things are safe,
10:34
S… Speaker 2 (31049711988-1-192)
things are clean,
10:36
S… Speaker 2 (31049711988-1-192)
and everybody's happy.
10:37
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
But if you break the law,
10:39
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
you cause problems.
10:40
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
You give difficulties,
10:41
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
right?
10:43
S… Speaker 2 (31049711988-1-192)
There are many kinds of laws in a community.
10:45
S… Speaker 2 (31049711988-1-192)
People can make or change laws.
10:48
S… Speaker 2 (31049711988-1-192)
So that's interesting to note there,
10:50
S… Speaker 2 (31049711988-1-192)
right? There are many kinds of laws in a community.
10:53
S… Speaker 2 (31049711988-1-192)
Think about the laws in your community.
10:55
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
If we look at these pictures,
10:56
S… Speaker 2 (31049711988-1-192)
we can think about some laws,
10:58
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
right?
10:59
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
For example,
11:00
S… Speaker 2 (31049711988-1-192)
it's a law to put your babies in a special child seat and
11:04
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
buckle up,
11:05
S… Speaker 2 (31049711988-1-192)
wear your seatbelt.
11:06
S… Speaker 2 (31049711988-1-192)
It's a law not to throw...
11:08
S… Speaker 2 (31049711988-1-192)
trash on the ground.
11:10
S… Speaker 2 (31049711988-1-192)
Don't throw trash on the ground.
11:11
S… Speaker 2 (31049711988-1-192)
Those are laws.
11:12
S… Speaker 2 (31049711988-1-192)
If you obey the laws,
11:13
S… Speaker 2 (31049711988-1-192)
things are safe and clean.
11:15
S… Speaker 2 (31049711988-1-192)
If you obey the laws,
11:16
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
it's fair.
11:18
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
Everybody is equal.
11:20
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
But if you break the laws,
11:21
S… Speaker 2 (31049711988-1-192)
then you cause problems.
11:22
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
Now,
11:23
S… Speaker 2 (31049711988-1-192)
of course, not all laws are good.
11:26
S… Speaker 2 (31049711988-1-192)
Sometimes people make laws that are silly or that are not very
11:30
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
effective.
11:31
S… Speaker 2 (31049711988-1-192)
In that case,
11:32
S… Speaker 2 (31049711988-1-192)
people can change the law.
11:34
S… Speaker 2 (31049711988-1-192)
You can change the law.
11:36
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
You can say, well,
11:36
S… Speaker 2 (31049711988-1-192)
this law isn't good.
11:38
S… Speaker 2 (31049711988-1-192)
To make this street a one -way street,
11:39
S… Speaker 2 (31049711988-1-192)
it's too inconvenient.
11:40
S… Speaker 2 (31049711988-1-192)
It causes too many...
11:42
S… Speaker 2 (31049711988-1-192)
people problems so let's change the law and make the street a two -way street you
11:46
S… Speaker 2 (31049711988-1-192)
can do that communities get together and they can change the law they
11:50
S… Speaker 2 (31049711988-1-192)
also make the law remember laws are made by communities it's a very formal
11:55
S… Speaker 2 (31049711988-1-192)
process it takes a lot of people sometimes a little bit of arguing
11:59
S… Speaker 2 (31049711988-1-192)
but a lot of agreement everybody has to come into agreement and then the
12:03
S… Speaker 2 (31049711988-1-192)
law is made it's very difficult to make laws but once the laws are
12:07
S… Speaker 2 (31049711988-1-192)
in place we should obey the laws and not break them
12:10
S… Speaker 2 (31049711988-1-192)
Okay, let's move on.
12:12
S… Speaker 2 (31049711988-1-192)
Let's match our words to the definitions.
12:14
S… Speaker 2 (31049711988-1-192)
Here are our words.
12:24
S… Speaker 2 (31049711988-1-192)
and clean easy words right they're not very long let's
12:29
S… Speaker 2 (31049711988-1-192)
take a look at the definitions number one not dirty what
12:33
S… Speaker 2 (31049711988-1-192)
is the opposite of dirty the opposite of dirty of course you
12:37
S… Speaker 2 (31049711988-1-192)
know what that is that's clean right if your room is dirty your mom says
12:41
S… Speaker 2 (31049711988-1-192)
clean your room right your room is dirty clean your room if your hands are
12:45
S… Speaker 2 (31049711988-1-192)
dirty your mom says clean your hands make your hands clean so
12:50
S… Speaker 2 (31049711988-1-192)
clean and dirty are opposites okay number two
12:54
S… Speaker 2 (31049711988-1-192)
In no danger.
12:55
S… Speaker 2 (31049711988-1-192)
The opposite of danger is safe.
12:59
S… Speaker 2 (31049711988-1-192)
Okay, so this is kind of like opposites,
13:01
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
right? Not dirty,
13:03
S… Speaker 2 (31049711988-1-192)
clean, no danger,
13:05
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
safe.
13:06
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
What about this one?
13:07
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
Number three,
13:08
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
equal to everyone.
13:09
S… Speaker 2 (31049711988-1-192)
So if everyone is equal,
13:12
S… Speaker 2 (31049711988-1-192)
everyone has the same opportunity or the same rules
13:16
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
to follow, that's equal.
13:17
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
Everybody is equal.
13:18
S… Speaker 2 (31049711988-1-192)
What do we call that situation?
13:20
S… Speaker 2 (31049711988-1-192)
We say that that is
13:24
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
It's fair.
13:25
S… Speaker 2 (31049711988-1-192)
When you see somebody who is breaking the law or breaking the
13:29
S… Speaker 2 (31049711988-1-192)
rules, that's not fair.
13:31
S… Speaker 2 (31049711988-1-192)
That's not fair.
13:32
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
It should be fair,
13:33
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
equal to everyone.
13:34
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
Everybody should be equal.
13:36
S… Speaker 2 (31049711988-1-192)
Everybody should follow the same laws,
13:38
S… Speaker 2 (31049711988-1-192)
follow the same rules.
13:40
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
That's fair.
13:42
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
Number four,
13:42
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
to do what you are told to do.
13:45
S… Speaker 2 (31049711988-1-192)
If somebody tells you to do something,
13:47
S… Speaker 2 (31049711988-1-192)
your mother or father tells you to do something,
13:51
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
do your homework,
13:51
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
wash the dishes.
13:53
S… Speaker 2 (31049711988-1-192)
When you do that,
13:55
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
what are you doing?
13:55
S… Speaker 2 (31049711988-1-192)
You are obeying them.
13:58
S… Speaker 2 (31049711988-1-192)
So if you do what you are told to do,
14:01
S… Speaker 2 (31049711988-1-192)
you are obeying another person.
14:03
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
But of course,
14:04
S… Speaker 2 (31049711988-1-192)
you can also obey the law because the law also tells
14:08
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
you what to do.
14:11
S… Speaker 2 (31049711988-1-192)
tells us what to do we should obey the law number
14:16
S… Speaker 2 (31049711988-1-192)
five a rule that people in a community must follow so
14:20
S… Speaker 2 (31049711988-1-192)
i just gave you the answer we just talked about that right so a rule similar to a
14:24
S… Speaker 2 (31049711988-1-192)
rule very similar but remember a rule is less formal and usually for
14:28
S… Speaker 2 (31049711988-1-192)
smaller groups but the other one that's similar to rule
14:32
S… Speaker 2 (31049711988-1-192)
is more formal and if you break it the punishment is
14:36
S… Speaker 2 (31049711988-1-192)
stronger of course we're talking about a law
14:40
S… Speaker 2 (31049711988-1-192)
A law is a rule that people in a community must follow.
14:44
S… Speaker 2 (31049711988-1-192)
It's made by the community,
14:45
S… Speaker 2 (31049711988-1-192)
made by the government of the community.
14:47
S… Speaker 2 (31049711988-1-192)
Number six,
14:49
S… Speaker 2 (31049711988-1-192)
a person who lives and works in a community.
14:52
S… Speaker 2 (31049711988-1-192)
We are all these types of things.
14:56
S… Speaker 2 (31049711988-1-192)
It's a person.
14:57
S… Speaker 2 (31049711988-1-192)
Which one of these has to do with a person?
15:00
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
a people right citizen is the only word that is talking
15:04
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
about a person right a citizen but when we think about it yes we
15:08
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
are people but we are also part of a community we are part
15:12
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
of our small village or town city or country
15:16
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
especially when we talk about country we are citizens of a certain country
15:20
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
but you can also say you're a citizen of a certain city or a certain state
15:24
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
or a certain region so they're different
15:27
S… Speaker 2 (31049711988-1-192)
types of citizens,
15:28
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
but usually,
15:29
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
of course,
15:29
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
we all talk about citizens of a certain country.
15:32
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
Since we live and work in a certain community,
15:34
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
we are citizens.
15:36
S… Speaker 2 (31049711988-1-192)
Okay,
15:37
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
let's move on to our chart.
15:39
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
Here we have a chart that shows us signs
15:43
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
that show the laws.
15:45
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
So in this chart,
15:45
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
we're looking at signs.
15:47
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
Remember we talked about traffic signs before,
15:50
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
but these are all types of signs.
15:52
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
Signs that show the laws.
15:56
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
They are signs that tell us what to do.
15:58
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
They help us follow the law.
15:59
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
Here we have a sign here.
16:02
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
This looks like a traffic sign.
16:03
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
What is it telling us?
16:05
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
It has a picture of a person,
16:07
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
and then we have the bars across the street,
16:10
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
right?
16:10
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
So if you see these bars on the street,
16:12
S… Speaker 2 (31049711988-1-192)
you know what?
16:13
S… Speaker 2 (31049711988-1-192)
What do you know?
16:14
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
You know that you can cross here.
16:16
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
It says children cross here.
16:18
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
Not just children,
16:19
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
of course, but anybody.
16:20
S… Speaker 2 (31049711988-1-192)
But if,
16:21
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
of course, in your situation,
16:22
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
you want to know,
16:23
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
hey,
16:24
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
I can cross here.
16:25
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
Children can cross here.
16:26
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
Anybody can cross here.
16:28
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
So this is a place to cross the street.
16:30
S… Speaker 2 (31049711988-1-192)
By the way,
16:31
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
we call that place a crosswalk.
16:34
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
If you want to cross the street,
16:38
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
don't just cross the street anywhere.
16:41
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
Look for the crosswalk.
16:43
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
Look for those bars on the street.
16:44
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
Then you can cross there.
16:46
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
You can cross the street.
16:47
S… Speaker 2 (31049711988-1-192)
Okay.
16:49
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
Here,
16:49
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
this is an interesting sign,
16:51
S… Speaker 2 (31049711988-1-192)
isn't it?
16:52
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
It says here,
16:55
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
calories 90 calories from fat it shows the different ingredients
16:59
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
in the food it's nutrition facts if you go to the store and you
17:03
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
buy something to eat or drink it will have a label
17:07
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
on it this is a label why do all the foods and
17:11
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
drinks have labels on them because it's a law many foods
17:16
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
should have labels this is a law the community
17:20
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
passed the law saying
17:22
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
Anybody who makes food or drinks has to put a label on it because
17:26
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
we want to know what's in that food or drink.
17:29
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
This way,
17:30
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
companies don't make food or drinks that are harmful to us.
17:34
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
We can see what's in the drink,
17:36
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
and we know that we can trust them in that case because
17:40
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
they said what's in the drink.
17:41
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
We can find out very specifically what's in that drink because it's a law.
17:45
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
Many foods should have labels on them.
17:49
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
Okay, over here we have another sign.
17:51
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
This sign is easy to figure out,
17:53
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
don't you?
17:53
S… Speaker 2 (31049711988-1-192)
Don't you think so?
17:54
S… Speaker 2 (31049711988-1-192)
This,
17:55
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
of course, is a very common symbol.
17:57
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
Whenever you see something like that with a bar through it,
18:00
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
that means do not.
18:01
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
That means do not.
18:03
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
And then we have a picture in there,
18:05
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
so do not do many things,
18:06
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
right? This is our,
18:07
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
it's like two symbols.
18:09
S… Speaker 2 (31049711988-1-192)
This is one symbol,
18:10
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
and then we see a picture of an action.
18:12
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
That's another symbol.
18:14
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
That means do not do whatever the action is shown in here.
18:18
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
In this case,
18:18
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
nobody can swim here.
18:20
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
This is a picture of somebody swimming.
18:22
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
We see the do not.
18:24
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
Do not swim.
18:26
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
Nobody should swim here.
18:28
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
That is our chart for showing do not swim in
18:32
S… Speaker 2 (31049711988-1-192)
that place.
18:33
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
Let's move on to another exercise.
18:37
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
Complete the sentence that best describes the pictures.
18:40
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
So we have several pictures here and we see our sentence.
18:45
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
Let's just take a look at the pictures here real quick.
18:48
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
The pictures are a family and they are crossing the street in
18:52
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
a crosswalk.
18:53
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
We talked about crosswalk before.
18:55
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
So they are following the law,
18:57
S… Speaker 2 (31049711988-1-192)
aren't they?
18:58
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
They are following the law.
19:00
S… Speaker 1 (31049711988-1-192)
Here we have an interesting picture,

Creuwyd y trawsgrifiad hwn gan AI (cydnabod llais awtomatig). Gall gynnwys gwallau - gwiriwch yn erbyn y sain wreiddiol am ddefnydd pwysig. Polisi AI

❤️ Love STT.ai? Dweud wrth eich ffrindiau!
Crynodeb
Cliciwch Crynodeb i greu crynodeb AI o' r trosysgrif yma.
Crynodeb...
Gofyn i AI Am Y Trawssgrifiad Yma
Gofynnwch unrhyw beth am y trosglwyddiad hwn — bydd y AI yn canfod adrannau perthnasol ac yn ateb.
Trosysgrifo Un Arall