WhatsApp Audio 2026-06-15 at 19.53.21
Jun 15, 2026 16:39
· 1:00:40
· English
· Whisper Turbo
· 2 Kelliema
Din it-traskrizzjoni tiskadi fi 18 jiem.
Aġġornament għall-ħażna permanenti →
Li juru biss
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Speaker 1 (WhatsApp Audio 2026-06-15 at 19.53.21)
I take this opportunity to share what I learned from my two
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Speaker 1 (WhatsApp Audio 2026-06-15 at 19.53.21)
decades plus experience from space,
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Speaker 1 (WhatsApp Audio 2026-06-15 at 19.53.21)
defense and skill sector.
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Speaker 1 (WhatsApp Audio 2026-06-15 at 19.53.21)
So shall I present a brief
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Speaker 1 (WhatsApp Audio 2026-06-15 at 19.53.21)
slide I have prepared.
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Speaker 1 (WhatsApp Audio 2026-06-15 at 19.53.21)
So I will try my best to give some idea or insight into this
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technology.
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Speaker 1 (WhatsApp Audio 2026-06-15 at 19.53.21)
Then we'll give some time for further interaction.
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Speaker 1 (WhatsApp Audio 2026-06-15 at 19.53.21)
Hope it is agreeable to all.
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Speaker 2 (WhatsApp Audio 2026-06-15 at 19.53.21)
Yes, sir,
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Speaker 1 (WhatsApp Audio 2026-06-15 at 19.53.21)
it is.
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Speaker 2 (WhatsApp Audio 2026-06-15 at 19.53.21)
Okay.
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Speaker 1 (WhatsApp Audio 2026-06-15 at 19.53.21)
Let
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Speaker 1 (WhatsApp Audio 2026-06-15 at 19.53.21)
me start the presentation.
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Speaker 1 (WhatsApp Audio 2026-06-15 at 19.53.21)
Hope my presentation is visible
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Speaker 1 (WhatsApp Audio 2026-06-15 at 19.53.21)
to all.
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Speaker 2 (WhatsApp Audio 2026-06-15 at 19.53.21)
Yes,
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Speaker 1 (WhatsApp Audio 2026-06-15 at 19.53.21)
sir.
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Speaker 1 (WhatsApp Audio 2026-06-15 at 19.53.21)
Thank you.
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Speaker 1 (WhatsApp Audio 2026-06-15 at 19.53.21)
So,
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the topic of today is this space.
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This is the frontier.
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This is the domain.
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And we are also trying to
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match the rhythm.
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Speaker 1 (WhatsApp Audio 2026-06-15 at 19.53.21)
from India and although me coming from Isro,
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Speaker 1 (WhatsApp Audio 2026-06-15 at 19.53.21)
Spaceward is not an exotic or a new word
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Speaker 1 (WhatsApp Audio 2026-06-15 at 19.53.21)
for us but people who are there outside this
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Speaker 1 (WhatsApp Audio 2026-06-15 at 19.53.21)
boundary for them this technology is apparently new and there are many ifs
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Speaker 1 (WhatsApp Audio 2026-06-15 at 19.53.21)
and buts and many questions,
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Speaker 1 (WhatsApp Audio 2026-06-15 at 19.53.21)
many curiosities are going back and forth especially
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with the funding community like what is the
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Speaker 1 (WhatsApp Audio 2026-06-15 at 19.53.21)
technology,
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how it is beneficial,
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what kind of investment it needs,
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when we will give back our investment,
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Speaker 1 (WhatsApp Audio 2026-06-15 at 19.53.21)
return on our investment,
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Speaker 1 (WhatsApp Audio 2026-06-15 at 19.53.21)
what is the future potential,
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who are the end -users,
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how things are here in India,
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how it can be comparable with Western countries,
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because we are quite new into
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this sector.
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If you see space,
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Speaker 1 (WhatsApp Audio 2026-06-15 at 19.53.21)
they started in 19...
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1957 when Russia launched the first artificial satellite names.
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Then I think hundreds
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and thousands of satellites,
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launch vehicles,
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Speaker 1 (WhatsApp Audio 2026-06-15 at 19.53.21)
rockets and other stuffs have
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been sent to space.
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Currently more than 2 ,000 plus satellites are there
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in space.
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I think more than 25,
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30 ,000 launch vehicle missions have been completed.
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We have human space flight programs happening since
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1960s and 70s timeline.
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So many things are happening and where we are and why these
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projects, why these missions,
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what is these financial implications and significance.
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Speaker 1 (WhatsApp Audio 2026-06-15 at 19.53.21)
So today with the request of my friend Shweta,
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Speaker 1 (WhatsApp Audio 2026-06-15 at 19.53.21)
I am here to share whatever the experience,
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Speaker 1 (WhatsApp Audio 2026-06-15 at 19.53.21)
expertise I have gained my years long working in
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Speaker 1 (WhatsApp Audio 2026-06-15 at 19.53.21)
the hardcore.
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Speaker 1 (WhatsApp Audio 2026-06-15 at 19.53.21)
I can say hardcore,
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Speaker 1 (WhatsApp Audio 2026-06-15 at 19.53.21)
why?
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Because the space.
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or defense these are not only soft jobs because their hardwares are involved so that is
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the reason we call this very uh out of box projects
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or i can say the hardware centered projects so the topic is india space
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economy i will focus majorly on india only although many
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Speaker 1 (WhatsApp Audio 2026-06-15 at 19.53.21)
things are happening in india i just want to say
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Speaker 1 (WhatsApp Audio 2026-06-15 at 19.53.21)
here the big news with you people with
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the gathering with the experts who are here before i dive down
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more
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of my presentation so agenda of my presentation i have metaclusly
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Speaker 1 (WhatsApp Audio 2026-06-15 at 19.53.21)
planned that i will keep the presentation within 10 to 12 slides so
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that we can preserve some time because i was been i was told to keep the discussion
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within one hour so 30 minutes or so we'll keep presentation then another
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30 minutes question answer session and i will try my best to answer
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your points and possible within my knowledge and expertise so
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how the space
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started in India that will be of course the first interest how
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it started why started and what for it started then
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categorically I
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can say maximum areas one is we
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call the space segment anything goes to space and work there it is a satellite
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or a radar or antenna or a space station with
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space segment and to carry the space to
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that orbit we call is a launch segment
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launch vehicle or the rocket.
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Then what else there remains?
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We call it as a ground segment,
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called as a downstream segment.
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So here comes the ground center,
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then your
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data analytics products,
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everything we consider in a ground segment.
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Then next in that,
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as I mentioned,
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is the launch vehicles.
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Then second is satellite.
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Then another segment or vertical is human space flight.
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That is the three things I will cover.
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Speaker 1 (WhatsApp Audio 2026-06-15 at 19.53.21)
And I have tried my best to keep the information very crisp
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and in the layman's language.
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I have not put any complex or mathematical things here.
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But however,
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any question comes very deep down into it,
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I will simply try my best to answer.
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Then what are the,
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apart from these areas,
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what are the other emerging sectors slowly and gradually coming
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and staring inside these conventional areas that also I
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have listed down a few.
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And how currently in India our policy regulations
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as well as the skill ecosystem is getting built
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to support this new commerce,
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the new industry that is paid industry within India.
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Then what is the
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financial things little bit because I don't consider myself as
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the expert but having worked in this commercial areas for
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quite good time I have tried my best to understand how things are getting figured out
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here
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So P &L,
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EBITDA, CAPEX,
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OPEX, all these things.
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I think people are playing all these numbers every time.
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And I have tried to bring some numbers here to help you to understand how
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this sector is gradually growing and how much the
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growth potential it is carrying.
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And then I have listed down a few companies not to
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be partial to anyone.
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I tried to bring few companies named startups in India who
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are really doing a wonderful job and I think in the near future many more such
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companies may pop up and they may add more value and economy
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to our country because to become the largest economy in
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the world we have to invest in technologies and space
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is one among them,
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space tech is one among them in which the return on investment is very very huge
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compared to any other engineering industries.
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Then with this I will conclude and I will give the summary of the presentation.
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So before I go much deep down or take you go through my
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slides, a very big news I want to share with my friends who
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are here today with me.
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This is SpaceX IPO.
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I think more or less we all are aware of this news.
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But having said that,
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I thought also let me take the opportunity to congratulate Team SpaceX because when
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they started a ticket back.
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That time space was not a bourgeois and it was within the cabinet of only
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government agencies.
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So only hats up to them who has taken the courage and the
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risk. And today it is giving the fruit on the risk,
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what is taken.
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And nobody will believe that 1
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.75 to 1 .8 trillion,
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that is almost two -third of our Indian economy.
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We are not wrong.
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So one space company alone has targeted,
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I think as on yesterday,
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it was known that almost all they have achieved this number.
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Three times more subscription
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happened.
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So that shows the kind of potential the space sector is carrying and
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we should not be second to norm because I...
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anticipated in the coming years from India also such kind
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of news also will come and in that journey I think investment
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and financing agency's role is very
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very important which cannot be ignored of so with
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this let me take you through my next slide that is
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the space of course space the technology
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started around 1960 time
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At that time, ISTRO was not born.
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It was a different organization,
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although it was under the government of India.
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At that time,
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everything was happening through the Atomic Energy Department.
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And only majorly focused on doing some scientific
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research and launching from Tumba,
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that is a very sleepy hamlet,
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fishing hamlet,
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in the very border of India at the Tirunthapuram.
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It was lying in the RBNC.
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Then slowly,
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gradually the government put some focus here,
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interest here.
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Then our launch vehicle project started.
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We had our first launch vehicle named satellite launch vehicle SLB.
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First launch was unsuccessful but subsequently become successful.
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And everyone of course knows about our late Dr.
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Epizodil Kalam who spearheaded the project.
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Under the able leadership of Dr.
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Satish Dhaban,
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Dr. Pranaprakas and many more.
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And the main person was behind.
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pushing this project was our beloved ISRO chairman Dr.
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Vikram Sarawai and many more were there to name a few I think many
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more there and I can say proudly I belong to that legacy of ISRO families where
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I could work with a few of these people and interact
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with these trailblazers,
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leaders in the sector and starting from because ISRO
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did not start the work all the project did not start
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in ISRO for any commercial purpose,
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of course for national interest,
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but later understanding the potential it carries and then ISRO
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also diversified the technology,
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made some technology of transport to private companies,
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private companies to support the launching systems,
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building rocket subsystem components,
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satellite subsystems,
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as well as in the data analytics area also.
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So currently more than 200 plus.
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MSMEs and big industries.
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They are working to support ISRO in all our missions.
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And they are also supporting the start -up companies about just 2 -3
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bags. They set up their business in India.
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So in ISRO,
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their launch division,
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their satellite division,
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and as I mentioned,
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that we are also developing domestic industrial supplies,
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tier 1, tier 2,
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because the items were used in space.
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They have to maintain a very stringent quality requirement.
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So the precision machining that I think is strongly taught in
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India to the people that I can strongly and firmly
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I can tell.
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Otherwise in a country like India we are not much conscious
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about quality but space items all they have to come through very stringent
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quality process and fortunately this tire 2,
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tire 3.
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companies are now they are well trained and handled by isro to meet such
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kind of requirements and demands ever growing demands i can say uh
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coming to the space segment uh satellites are there which i will capture in the
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next slide but before that i'm just going to dwell here a little bit because launch
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vehicle is a very interesting area because that
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is launch vehicle only carries all the items made here on
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earth to the desired orbit in the space
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Launch vehicle can be of any kind.
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It can be reusable,
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it can be of one -time use.
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And in one -time use,
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launch vehicles are there since ages.
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I can say for the last 50 to 60 years,
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agencies like ISRO,
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NASA, ESA,
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and some private entities like Arianespace,
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they have been using it.
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But reusability or the reuse technology is something which
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is there in R &D,
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in the lab,
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in the proto -model in India.
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But SpaceX...
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like companies that have already demonstrated and I think they are the trailblazers
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now.
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SpaceX has shown how to use the first stage
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of any rocket multiple times.
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And they are using semi -cryogenic liquids that is LOX
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and methane, LOX and LNG,
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LOX and some hydrocarbon fuels.
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So that gives a low cost,
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high efficient launch vehicle system where we can
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leverage the profit.
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with respect to sending any object to space because sending
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any object to space is a costly affair and it demands
12:56
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hundreds and lakhs of US dollars so if you can reduce
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the launch vehicle design development realization cost of course it can leverage
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the overall cost of sending any item to space if it's a humans
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or the satellites or any experimental objects
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Another thing comes into picture is materials,
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because still we can say that many
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materials we are procuring from outside.
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However,
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gradually our Indian ecosystem is coming up,
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government also is pushing a lot of...
13:26
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Welfare schemes so that any advanced materials like carbon carbon composites
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and titanium alloy,
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non -ferrous alloy,
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we can able to build it.
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Many startups,
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many government agencies,
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they are already on this.
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And I think in the coming few years or so,
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or maybe in next decade,
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we should be self -reliant and independent.
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Independently we can build these materials.
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We are plenty of used in launch vehicles.
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Global benchmarks,
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this is something which we are intending and trying to
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match.
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That is a company like SpaceX who have taught us about vertical
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takeoff, vertical landing,
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which was never heard of because as I mentioned,
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rockets are used for single time use.
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The kind of propulsion system it carries,
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the kind of avion axis carries,
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the kind of redundancy carries,
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we never thought of using it again and again.
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But SpaceX has shown us,
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Blue Origin has shown us and there are some...
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projects are going happening elsewhere like in ESA there is a project called POMITAS they
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are also trying to mimic the same thing what SpaceX has done I think in India also
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some of the startups they are trying their hand I think in near future more or less
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we'll also hear good news so another
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one particular is EMA space bike program that of course falls under the space
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of the segment only but here the requirements and the I
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can say the
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Applications are slightly different than satellites because here we want humans
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to be in space to work on some specialized areas,
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some experiments,
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but it's having dual huge difference.
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or the strategic youth and civilian youth of course country like india
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we may not have thought much about it
15:06
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civilian use yet but from strategic or defense point of view
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i can say many things are happening many classified things are happening with not
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there in the public domain and to develop a human space meeting
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the man rated or the human rated items
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or the systems components is a really challenging aspect
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when i say human rated let me clarify here
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That is the philosophy called fail -off and fail -safe.
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It means once one subsystem
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fails in space,
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still it has to continue the operation.
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And again if the subsystem fails,
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then safely it should land or it should allow safely the
15:50
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exit of the humans or the operators.
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So that is called human rating.
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So that is something where we have been working in India and
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the subsystems which human space flight program demands or needs,
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that is one very important item is environmental control life support system,
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that is CLSS.
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It is exactly the same environment how we people use it
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to feel when you fly in an aircraft.
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But aircraft takes two hours,
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three hours or maybe 15,
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16 hours if it is intercontinental flight.
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But when you go to space,
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you have to work there for days,
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number of days.
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makes the challenge more complex and critical
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because here once the aircraft takes then replenish
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once it lands and you may get a chance to refill the items but once you
16:40
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go to space until you come back you have to leave with the resources available
16:45
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there.
16:45
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So ECLS cannot assure luxury to the astronaut but
16:49
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it has to give them minimum basic necessity like some good air to
16:53
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inhale then food then water then some resting
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systems, then your toilets,
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and I think what we need or not,
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same thing, it has to be provided there.
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So that subsystems now also it is not fully
17:10
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developed or getting made in India.
17:11
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I think that's a very golden area where India is currently working,
17:15
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and some of the adults,
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I understand,
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they are also trying their hand.
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Then avionics,
17:20
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because here are the kind of elotronics items we need to use,
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those have to be radiation -hardened,
17:25
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and it has to work in a human in -loop.
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So it has to be very friendly and accident proof
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or I can say the fireproof items are required here.
17:37
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So that I think gives one more opportunity here.
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And as I mentioned redundancy,
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it can be triple,
17:44
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quadruple kind of redundancy required because humans are there and we don't want to take any
17:48
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risk of that.
17:49
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Geopolitical leverage,
17:51
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of course,
17:51
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space technology was and always and
17:56
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always will be.
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the center of attraction and because of the complexities are
18:01
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involved here so having a space station or sending emails to space
18:06
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bringing them back needs a quite herculean efforts
18:10
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Speaker 1 (WhatsApp Audio 2026-06-15 at 19.53.21)
I think it needs a lot of physics and engineering and many more
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Speaker 1 (WhatsApp Audio 2026-06-15 at 19.53.21)
commercial aspects integrated into it India is not lacking that because
18:19
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Speaker 1 (WhatsApp Audio 2026-06-15 at 19.53.21)
India is part of Artemis Accord that is we
18:23
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have signed
18:25
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understanding with the USA.
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And under that,
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last year we have sent our astronaut
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Speaker 1 (WhatsApp Audio 2026-06-15 at 19.53.21)
crew captain Subhan Sukhla to this international space station and who
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brought a lot of name and fame for our country and he successfully came
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back. Fortunately,
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I can say that when I was part of the human space flight program
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in Israel in 2018.
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We people only laid down the process of selecting astronauts and in
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that time only some seven people selected from Indian Air Force and he was one
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among them.
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Coming to the space segment satellite,
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satellite plays a very vital and meaningful role because every...
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This system now is private or government or inter -government agencies
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or semi -government agencies.
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They are depending on this kind of satellite information.
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Satellite can be of any type in a low Earth orbit or we call it remote
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sensing satellites or Earth observation satellite,
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medium Earth orbit,
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maybe GPS or PNT satellites which gives the positioning system information.
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Then geosynchronous satellites which gives the communication support
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that we use in the different kind of transceivers.
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So these satellites are used for dual purpose.
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One is for civilian,
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another is for military purpose.
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And there are some cases where there is interlinked.
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And the satellite also
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having very different lifespan.
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Some satellite has to work from a few days or a
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few years. And based on the orbit,
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the satellite lifespan...
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are detected some satellite in Earth orbit,
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majorly six to seven years next time it can work,
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or minimum two to three years.
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Satellites in the geosynchronous orbit,
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they usually work from 15 to 25 years,
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or maybe here and there a little bit,
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plus or minus.
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Satellites in medium Earth orbit,
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the GPS kind of satellites,
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their lifespan also is intermediate.
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And satellites,
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low Earth orbit,
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optical satellites are there.
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Synthetic aperture or satellites are there.
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They are mostly into Earth observation.
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And in communication satellites,
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we have different kind of bandwidth that are there.
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That is K -band,
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Q -band,
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S -band,
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X -band.
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So these are all communication systems.
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And the more and more the satellite is heavier and powerful,
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it takes more and more payloads.
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Space segment is having a lot of fortunes and growing
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opportunities.
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I think that something shows a very
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quite good kind of interest in the investment fraternity and
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the one which I am adding that is APEX we are working in a
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very advanced and one of its kind satellite that is a thermal
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satellite with satellite based automatic identification system
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for maritime supplements so in India so far there is no dedicated
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constellation of satellite to work in this domain so that's the reason
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we are trying to bring this technology to India and make some disruptions
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Another one area is your space situational awareness.
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These are some emerging areas.
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I tried best to capture a few of them and put
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it here. I think many more other areas are there in space manufacturing,
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then in space service
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of satellites.
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But those are some time -taking projects.
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I think slowly,
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gradually things are happening elsewhere in India.
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So we'll catch it soon.
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leo constellation so as i mentioned the low earth orbit satellite gives
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a low latency rate it means the communication satellite in earth orbit
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can give you varying
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end -to -end,
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without any interaction,
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communication with respect to GSO kind of satellites.
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However,
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we need number of satellites,
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and the Starlink project from SpaceX is the very,
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very profitable and live example which we can refer.
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And I think similar constellations are getting attempted
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in USA,
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in Europe, and in India as well also.
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We have one way,
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which is a Bharati Mittal -led company who are also having
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this kind of communication,
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satellite constellation on space.
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then onboard autonomy because now customer needs information at mouse click away
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and they need near real -time information so what
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a satellite captures the information especially earth observation satellite which gives information
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in terms of images by using onboard artificial intelligence computing facility
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the satellite can analyze the information itself and give the
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information to the end user within few hours
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or I can say very near real -time information.
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So that is something call of the time and many agencies based
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in private or government they are trying to catch this technology and integrate it into
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the satellite.
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Space situational awareness,
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a lot of debris are there because of the past missions especially in low
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earth orbit areas which may create or creating
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problems for the upcoming mission.
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So in order to track and doing mathematical models to
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know their future projections,
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that is one area space situational awareness is
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having a very good growth potential.
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This also can be used for both defense and civilian applications.
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India we are now just putting footprint on this technology
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as a private entity government is supporting and my name
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is to integrate drawing board a
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bit so in that way company supply
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chain must be robust because still we are dependent on some
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of the items from outside especially electronics and aeronics items otherwise
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many things are getting made in India because the credit goes to its flow so
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in that way I think end -to -end
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in a collaborative way these companies all these
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futuristic projects but having said that because
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