31049712559-1-192
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Hello, everybody.
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Welcome back to American Textbook Reading.
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I'm Brian Stewart.
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While we're continuing in our textbook,
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we're on Lesson 5.
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And in Lesson 5,
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we're talking about what can citizens do?
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What can citizens do?
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Of course,
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we are all citizens of our country.
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Now,
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in this unit,
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we will discover all citizens have rights.
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and responsibilities. So we're going to be talking about
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two main things in this unit,
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right?
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We're talking about what are our rights?
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What are our rights as citizens?
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And two,
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what are our responsibilities?
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What are our responsibilities as
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citizens?
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And remember,
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we are all citizens.
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When we are part of a country,
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right?
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If you are a citizen of Korea,
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or you are a citizen of America,
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or you are a citizen of some country,
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or just a member of society,
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everybody has rights and responsibilities that we enjoy
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and that we should follow.
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Okay, so first of all,
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what is a right?
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When we talk about people having rights and responsibilities,
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we have to think about what is a right.
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A right is something that you can do or have by
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law.
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And it's important to note this word here,
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have.
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We usually use the word have with right.
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So, for example,
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have.
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Rights.
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Now, rights can be plural.
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Rights with an S.
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Or you can also say it in a singular way.
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You have a right.
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Have a right to do something.
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So,
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I have rights.
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Or, I have a right to do something.
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And we usually use this type of sentence,
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especially when somebody's trying to prevent us from doing something.
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Say, you can't do that.
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No, I can do it.
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I have rights.
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Or, I have a right to do something.
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I have a right to be here.
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I have a right to say what's on my mind.
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I have a right or I have rights.
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We usually use the word have with rights.
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Now write something that you can do or have by law.
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That's important right there,
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by law.
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Your society,
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and most of us,
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we live in a democratic society.
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Most people in the world,
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thankfully,
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live in a democratic society.
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Some people don't.
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Some people don't have all the rights that we have because their
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society...
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does not have the laws that protect their rights or that
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gives them rights,
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right?
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We enjoy a lot of rights in a democratic society by
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law.
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Our democratic society,
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our democratic government makes laws that give us a
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lot of rights to be able to do something.
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So these are rights,
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okay?
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But what about responsibilities?
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Responsibility,
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that's a long word,
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responsibility.
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Now again,
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responsibility can be singular,
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it can also be plural.
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We have many responsibilities,
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right?
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So we have a responsibility or we have responsibilities.
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Again,
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you can use the word have.
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I have a responsibility to do something.
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Responsibility means taking care of something and taking
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the blame if it goes wrong.
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That's interesting.
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Let's talk about it.
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By the way, taking care of something,
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it can also be taking care of someone,
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something or someone.
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For example,
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look at this picture.
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Here we have father,
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mother, and two boys,
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right? The parents have a responsibility to take care of their
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children.
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That would be someone.
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So take care of something or someone.
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You have a responsibility to take care of your things.
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For example,
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your school books,
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your clothes.
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You shouldn't go out and destroy your clothes.
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Your mom will be very angry.
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You have a responsibility to take care of your things.
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Your parents have a responsibility to take care of you.
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Also, part of being responsible means taking the
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blame if it goes wrong.
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So if you do go out and you ruin your book,
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right, you go out and you drop your book in a muddy puddle and it gets all wet
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because, you know,
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you made a mistake,
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you should admit it.
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Don't lie.
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Say somebody stole your book,
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right? Be responsible.
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Be responsible.
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Do not lie.
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Be responsible.
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Oops, this pen.
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Be responsible.
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Be responsible.
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Take responsibility.
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That's another one.
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Take responsibility.
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It's a long word.
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So you should be responsible.
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You should take responsibility.
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That means you should admit when something goes
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wrong. When you make a mistake,
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be responsible.
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Take responsibility.
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Admit that you made a mistake.
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That's part of...
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being responsible,
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that's part of your responsibility.
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So responsibility is kind of like a duty,
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something that you should do.
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So right is something that you can do,
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responsibility is something that you should do.
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Okay, so those are rights and responsibilities.
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Let's take a look at the next one.
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Choose.
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Choose is an important word when
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we talk about rights and responsibilities.
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Choose means to pick something,
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to pick, to choose something or someone from among others.
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So if this boy has a choice,
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right?
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He has a choice.
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Again,
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we use have a choice,
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have responsibility,
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have a right,
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have a choice.
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This boy has a choice to make.
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He can choose the vegetables,
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or he can choose the sandwich with
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the cheese and the meat and everything else.
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Now, he's going to choose this one,
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right?
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Because it tastes better.
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This one is probably healthier for him,
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but he's going to choose the sandwich because it tastes better.
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Now,
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it's his responsibility to choose the right thing.
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It's his responsibility to choose things that are good for
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him.
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Choices that we make are not fun.
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It's more fun to eat a sandwich than it is to eat a
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plate of vegetables.
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However,
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which is better for you?
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It's better to eat the vegetables.
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These are choices.
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That's just a small example of choices that we make every day.
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We have the right to choose what we want,
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but we also have the responsibility to choose what's
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best for us.
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the people around us that's a very important idea to remember
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and that's an important concept well to think of when we
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think about rights and responsibilities we have the right to choose whatever
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we want but we have the responsibility to make good choices
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for ourselves and for other people it's an interesting idea
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okay
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respect when we're talking about rights and responsibilities of course we're
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talking about our rights our responsibilities but we also have to think
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about people around us what are their rights what are
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our responsibilities to other people and part of that is showing
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respect to other people you show respect to
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somebody show respect to
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people show respect to your parents show
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respect to your teachers show respect to your friends
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that means polite behavior toward someone you
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should be polite you shouldn't be rude of course polite and rude
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are opposite right the opposite of polite is
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rude whoops rude D
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R -U -D -E.
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Sorry, I missed that up there.
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I'll spell it again.
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R -U -D -E.
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Rude.
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The opposite of polite is rude.
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If you're rude,
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it means you're behaving badly towards somebody,
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especially when you think about sports.
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If you're playing soccer,
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right, you should be polite to other people who you are playing soccer
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with on your team and on the other team.
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You shouldn't kick.
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The other team members,
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right? That would be rude.
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If you accidentally kick another person while you're playing
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soccer, you should be polite.
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I'm sorry.
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I didn't mean to kick you.
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Are you all right?
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That's part of showing respect.
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That's part of being polite to other people.
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Okay?
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So you should show respect to other people.
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And that's part of being polite to other people.
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Okay.
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Duty has to do with responsibility,
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right?
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We all have duties in our life.
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We have duties to do things.
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Something that you must do,
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that you must do.
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What is this person doing here?
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They are voting.
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Vote.
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Now,
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you are probably too young to vote,
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
but when you get older,
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
it's your duty to vote.
9:38
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
Every citizen has a duty to vote.
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Speaker 2 (31049712559-1-192)
Right now,
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
what are some of your duties now?
9:44
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
Some of your duties are to obey your parents,
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
to obey your teachers,
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
to study hard.
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
These are things that you must do.
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
It's your duty to take care of your health.
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
It's your duty to take care of the things that you have.
10:00
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
your room, to help your family.
10:01
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
These are duties that you have.
10:04
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
These are responsibilities that you have.
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
Duty and responsibility are very similar.
10:10
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
They're almost the same,
10:11
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
right?
10:12
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
We have responsibilities.
10:13
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
We have duties.
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
Things we must do or things we should do.
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Speaker 2 (31049712559-1-192)
Okay.
10:20
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
Act.
10:20
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
We talk about act.
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
Act is anything that you do.
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
But in another way,
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
act is,
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
you know, it says to do something,
10:28
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
but it's also everything that you do.
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
It's also how you behave.
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
Act is very similar also to,
10:37
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
oops, how you behave.
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
In other words,
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
you can say,
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
act responsibly in your daily life.
10:50
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
Throughout the whole day,
10:51
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
you should act responsibly.
10:58
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
I'm having problems.
10:59
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
Okay, act responsibly.
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
That means act in a responsible way.
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
Do things correctly.
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
Do things,
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
do your duty,
11:09
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
right?
11:09
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
Do things that are your duty.
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
Do things that are your responsibility.
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
Show respect to other people.
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
These are all parts of acting responsibly.
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
Do the things that you're supposed to do.
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
If something goes wrong,
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
take the blame.
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
If it's your fault,
11:25
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
take the blame for it.
11:26
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
If it's not your fault,
11:27
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
don't take the blame.
11:29
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
But if it is your fault,
11:30
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
don't lie.
11:31
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
Be honest.
11:32
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
Act responsibly.
11:35
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
Take the blame for it if it's your fault.
11:38
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
So act responsibly.
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
Act.
11:40
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
Behave in a certain way.
11:42
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
So act is very similar to behave.
11:47
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
How do you behave?
11:48
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
Do you behave well or do you behave poorly?
11:51
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
It's the same thing as do you act well or do you act poorly?
11:55
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
How do you behave?
11:56
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Speaker 2 (31049712559-1-192)
Okay,
11:57
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
and we should behave responsibly.
12:00
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Speaker 2 (31049712559-1-192)
Okay,
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
let's move on.
12:02
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
Here we have express.
12:03
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
Now express means to tell others your
12:07
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
ideas using words,
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
gestures,
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
or behavior.
12:14
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
so when you express yourself you're expressing yourself on many
12:18
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
different levels
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
One level is by what you say.
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
That's one level.
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
You're expressing your ideas,
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
what you're thinking.
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
But you can also express yourself using gestures.
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
If you use gestures,
12:33
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
we can talk with our hands.
12:36
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
But some gestures,
12:37
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
you can also express yourself.
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
If you go like this,
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
this is one gesture showing something.
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
If you go like this,
12:43
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
that's another gesture showing something.
12:45
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
So the gestures,
12:46
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
your body language also expresses...
12:49
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
what you're thinking okay so gestures also and finally we also have
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
behavior how do you act if you act rudely towards
12:57
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
somebody you're expressing yourself you're telling other people that you're not a
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
nice person
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
If you behave politely,
13:05
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
right,
13:05
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
if your behavior is polite,
13:07
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
then you're expressing to other people that you are a nice person.
13:12
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
So we express ourselves on many different levels by
13:16
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
our words,
13:17
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
by our gestures,
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
and how we behave.
13:20
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
These are all ways that we express ourselves to
13:24
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
other people.
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
So that's very interesting.
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
Think about that.
13:27
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
It's not just what you say.
13:28
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
It's how you act and how you...
13:32
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
Use gestures also.
13:33
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
These are all ways to express yourself.
13:36
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Speaker 2 (31049712559-1-192)
Okay.
13:37
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
Finally,
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
we have idea.
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
Idea,
13:40
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
you express ideas.
13:42
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
Of course, I just said that you use words to express your ideas.
13:45
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
But what is an idea?
13:47
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
An idea is a thought about something.
13:50
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
So especially when you're studying at school,
13:52
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
right?
13:53
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
Your teacher is teaching you something.
13:54
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
Well, you have certain ideas about that subject.
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
And you may have...
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
unique or original ideas you might oh that's a good idea you think about
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
something right let's take a look at this video here now of course this
14:07
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
is not happening in your head there are no gears in your head right but
14:11
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
this is an interesting idea to show that when you're thinking about something
14:15
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
it's like these gears are spinning in your head your brain is working
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
right really hard and it's like there's a lot of motion a lot of gears
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
going around in your head and you're thinking of something and
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
You have an idea,
14:29
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
right?
14:29
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
You get an idea.
14:31
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
Get an idea.
14:32
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
Whoops.
14:32
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
You get an idea.
14:36
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
You get an idea because your brain
14:40
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
is working very hard and you get ideas.
14:45
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
okay well let's take a look at a chart here now this is interesting we've talked about rights
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
we talked about responsibilities let's look at some examples of those over
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
here on the left side we have rights and over here on
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
the right side we have responsibility
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
Let's take a look at them.
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
Over here we have rights.
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
We have the right to act freely.
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
Now this is kind of dangerous,
15:06
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
what this guy is doing.
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
But he has the right to act with freedom.
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
He has the freedom to act the way that he wants to act.
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
That is acting freely.
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
That is our right.
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
in a democratic society,
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
we can act the way that we want to.
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
We have the freedom to act freely.
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
We also have the right to express our ideas.
15:28
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
So if you're in a group,
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
right, and you're talking about something,
15:32
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
you have an idea,
15:33
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
you have the right to stand up and talk and tell other people
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
what your idea is.
15:40
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
Now there's many ways to express your ideas.
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
You can talk to a group of people in a room.
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
You can
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
Write something on the internet,
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
in a blog,
15:49
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
or in comments sections,
15:51
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
right?
15:51
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
You can do many things to express your ideas,
15:55
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
to express your ideas to other people.
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
You have that right in a democratic society.
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
In a democratic society,
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
also we have the right to choose leaders.
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
So in Korea,
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
in America,
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
in many other countries of the world,
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
many people go out to vote.
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
and they choose their leaders,
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
their national leader or their local leaders.
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
That is our right as citizens in democratic countries.
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
Those are our rights,
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
but what about our responsibilities,
16:25
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
right?
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
What are things that we should do?
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
Well, one of our responsibilities is making laws.
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
Now,
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
this is a video.
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
Don't worry about the traffic.
16:35
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
What we're looking at here,
16:36
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
of course, is this building back here.
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
This is in Washington,
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
D .C.,
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
in America.
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
This is the Capitol building.
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
Inside this building is where Congress people...
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
Congressmen and senators will go and they will make laws for
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
the nation.
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
Of course,
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
in Korea, you have a similar building where lawmakers will go
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
and make laws.
16:59
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
We have the responsibility to elect our leaders,
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
we have the right to choose our leaders,
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
but it's also a responsibility.
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
It's not just a right,
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
it's a responsibility,
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
and they go and they make laws,
17:12
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
right?
17:12
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
Part of being a...
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
participant in a democratic society is to participate
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
in the making of laws we choose the leaders who will make laws
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
for us and we can also make laws ourselves if we sign petitions and
17:27
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
try to get our leaders to enact certain laws for our community
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
so that's one of our responsibilities another responsibility that
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
we can all do and we should all do every day is to follow
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Speaker 2 (31049712559-1-192)
The laws,
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
follow the laws.
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
Let's take a look at an example of this.
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
This is a busy city street.
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
As we can see,
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
okay, people are crossing the street when it's green.
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
When it's red,
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
people stop.
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
See how dangerous,
17:51
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
now this is very fast,
17:52
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
right? This video is very sped up.
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
It looks dangerous,
17:55
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
but it's not.
17:55
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
Just slow down the video.
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
But you can see the cars are going by really quickly,
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
but they stop,
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
of course, when the light is green.
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
People can walk.
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
You should not cross the street when the light is red.
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
That is dangerous.
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
You will not be following the laws.
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
Follow the law.
18:12
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
Because why?
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
Because the law keeps us safe.
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
Laws keep us safe.
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
It's our responsibility to follow the law.
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
Not only does it keep us safe,
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
it keeps everybody happy.
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
If you cross the street,
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
you're putting yourself in danger,
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Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
but you're also putting the person in the car in danger,
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S…
Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
and also you're making them very unhappy if they hit you.
18:35
S…
Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
They don't want to hit you,
18:36
S…
Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
right?
18:37
S…
Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
Of course,
18:37
S…
Speaker 1 (31049712559-1-192)
they may not be hurt,
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