June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1)

Jun 25, 2026 22:59 · 41:15 · English · Whisper Turbo · 2 & Kefluniañ
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S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
Hello.
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S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
Okay, so today's video is
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S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
on the Gospel of Mark.
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S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
So we are going into the New Testament for the first time in
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S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
this class.
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S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
We unfortunately don't have weeks and weeks and weeks on this.
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S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
If we did, we would be spending more time in the New Testament,
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S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
but we are doing what we can.
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S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
And in order to...
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S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
Um, understand the,
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S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
is it some Laban of Mark?
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S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
Um,
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S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
just like any of the texts within the Hebrew Bible,
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S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
we need to look at sort of this,
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S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
this bigger historical context.
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S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
So I will go to the whiteboard as
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S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
we do and help us build this
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S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
world behind the New Testament,
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S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
broadly speaking,
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S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
and world behind the gospel of Mark more
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S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
specifically.
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S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
So I'll start 333.
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S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
I'm actually,
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S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
I'm going to just put markers
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S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
here and then I'll use the text.
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S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
I realize when I'm doing this for my laptop without
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S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
a mouse.
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S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
It's much harder to write in dates.
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S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
So I'm going to try it like this.
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S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
So let's start with 333.
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S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
So we are in a post -exilic period.
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S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
Exile under the Babylonians lasted from
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S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
597 with that first wave to 538 when
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S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
the Persians took over.
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S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
And then after the Persians,
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S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
the Greek period begins where Alexander the Great defeats
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S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
Persians.
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S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
So we're still in BCE 333.
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S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
And as noted in previous lessons,
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S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
Alexander the Great had this goal
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S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
to kind of Greekify his...
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S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
The territories he occupied and he was very good at it.
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S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
And Jews in diaspora and in
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S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
Israel started to take on Greek
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S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
thought, even when pushing against the grain of Greekness
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S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
and wanting to hold fast to Jewishness,
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S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
they were still assimilating.
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S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
So, for example,
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S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
and I don't think I mentioned this in the Second Maccabees video,
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S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
but.
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S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
As much as 2 Maccabees is pushing against
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S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
Greek occupation,
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S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
it's still showcasing its very assimilation by
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S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
being written in Greek,
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S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
right?
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S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
So you have the kind of both and always,
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S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
even in texts that are pushing against the grain of imperialism,
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S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
show signs of taking on aspects
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S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
of imperialism.
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S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
And we'll certainly talk a lot about that with regards to the book of Revelation in
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S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
the next lesson.
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S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
But for now,
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S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
just know 333 Greek period.
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S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
After that,
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S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
oh dear,
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S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
only this were easier.
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S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
Here we go.
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S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
We have 165.
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S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
This is Maccabean revolt period where a
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S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
small Jewish army overthrows Antiochus
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S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
IV.
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S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
And this is where we read the Maccabean text.
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S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
We are getting into now our final imperial
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S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
system,
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S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
so to speak,
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S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
in this class.
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S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
So in 63 BCE,
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S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
the Romans take over.
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S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
So it went from,
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S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
you know, Assyrians,
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S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
Babylonians,
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S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
Persians,
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S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
Greeks to Romans.
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S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
We have our ancient Israel and we have a focused
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S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
rebuilding in Judah with the second temple being dedicated
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S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
to the God of Israel in 515 BCE.
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S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
And with the Maccabean revolt,
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S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
we have Jewish autonomy,
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S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
as I noted,
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S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
with the Hasmoneans.
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S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
declare not only sort of running the
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S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
Maccabre revolt,
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S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
but declaring themselves the rightful rulers of Jerusalem.
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S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
So we have autonomy,
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S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
Jewish autonomy in the temple center and in Jerusalem and in Judah
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S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
and Israel in a way we hadn't seen since the Davidic monarchy.
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S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
And now the Romans are coming in and what they do is
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S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
slightly different,
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S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
at least at this time period,
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S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
from previous imperial systems.
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S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
So rather than come in and decimate
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S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
everything and force Jews
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S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
into exile,
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S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
for example,
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S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
or into diaspora,
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S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
the Romans come in and they just sort of set themselves up
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S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
as overlords.
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S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
They are completely in charge,
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S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
but they still let Jews operate Jewishly.
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S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
They're not saying that Jews can no longer be Jewish.
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S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
They say, OK, you can do your Jewishness.
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S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
You could be Jewish.
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S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
You could practice Jewishness,
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S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
but just don't step out of line.
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S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
So with that,
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S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
the Hasmonean dynasty came to an end.
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S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
However,
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S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
a lot of people who were already in power in the temple
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S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
center and in Jerusalem come 63 BCE through
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S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
the Hasmonean reign were allowed to stay in power under
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S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
Roman rule.
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S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
So you had kind of two levels of power.
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S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
You had Romans writ large.
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S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
And then you had underneath Romans,
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S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
Jews maintaining the temple.
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S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
And the Romans always had sort of final,
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S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
you know,
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S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
say over what happened.
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S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
But,
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S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
you know, a lot of those who were in power within the temple through the Hasnian
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S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
dynasty got to maintain some level of something within,
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S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
at the very least,
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S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
the temple center.
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S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
So Romans are in power overall,
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S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
right?
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S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
Jews still have pseudo autonomy,
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S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
I would say,
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S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
kind of,
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S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
but they're very much operating under
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S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
the constant supervision and surveillance
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S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
and oppression of the Roman Empire.
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S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
And something to very much remember for going into this time
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S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
period are the effects of the Maccabean revolt led by the Hasmoneans.
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S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
Remember, the Hasmoneans said that they had the right to have political authority
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S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
in the temple and in Jerusalem.
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S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
And with that came the kernels of what scholars call
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S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
ancient Jewish sectarianism,
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S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
where you have different Jewish groups arguing with each other about
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S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
how best to be Jewish,
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S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
arguing about
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S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
God, temple,
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S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
and Torah.
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S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
So I'll put it under here.
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S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
There were lots of different Jewish schools
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S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
of thought, aka sects,
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S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
and some of them pop up within the New Testament,
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S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
and some of them you may have heard of before.
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S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
So for example,
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One Jewish sectarian group are known as the Pharisees.
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S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
Overall,
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S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
we honestly know quite little about these groups.
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S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
We know much less than we wish we did.
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S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
But some of the things we do know are that Pharisees were a
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S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
group that believed in bodily resurrection.
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S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
We talked about resurrection last class and
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believed in the authority of oral Torah.
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S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
So in addition to that,
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S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
which was written and considered sacred through writing,
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Pharisees valued traditions and
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S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
cultural customs that were passed down through word
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S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
of mouth and not necessarily
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written down.
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S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
Another group are the Sadducees.
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S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
I think I'm misspelling this.
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S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
No,
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S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
that doesn't look right either.
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S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
I think that was right.
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S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
Let me just,
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S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
yes,
8:19
S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
that was right.
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S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
Okay.
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S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
We're the Sadducees.
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S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
Sadducees.
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S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
Both Pharisees and Sadducees had a level of power and
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S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
authority within the Jewish world.
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S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
There were some Pharisees who had some
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S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
kind of authority within the temple center.
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S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
There were definitely Sadducees who also had some power and authority
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S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
in the temple center.
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S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
They did not believe in bodily
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S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
resurrection.
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S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
And they did not believe in the validity of
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S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
oral Torah.
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S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
It was not equal to them,
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S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
to that which was written.
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S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
Okay,
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S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
so we have Pharisees as one group.
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S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
This
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S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
is not going as I had hoped.
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S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
Here,
9:13
S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
let's try this.
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S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
I'm trying to just move the whole text box.
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S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
I'm sorry, this must be so annoying to watch.
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S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
Okay.
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S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
That's good enough for now.
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S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
So we've got Pharisees,
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S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
one group,
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and Sadducees,
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another.
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Essenes
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are another group.
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They are often thought of as those who
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cared very much about God,
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Temple, and Torah,
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but were so fed up with the political turmoil,
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S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
the intra -Jewish.
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S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
uh debates you could say the the harsh debates between jewish
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S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
sects and especially what was going
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going on in the temple center,
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that they kind of retreated.
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It's not that they lived a more aesthetic
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life,
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a simpler life,
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and kind of wanted to retreat from the busyness and political
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distress of the
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day. Another group,
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the Zealots,
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And you can gather kind of their affect
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through the name.
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They were remarkably zealous for the
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cause.
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And one of their primary causes...
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was to push back against
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S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
oppression.
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S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
So zealots were known to want to raise up arms even to
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regain some kind of autonomy that
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they approved of.
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So in the Roman period,
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very much wanting to raise up arms over and against Rome.
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This is the world that Jesus of
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Nazareth was born into.
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So he was born into a post -exilic world,
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born into a post -Hasmonian world,
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but where the effects of the Hasmonean dynasty were still very much present,
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born into a world of complex difference
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and debate within Jewishness.
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Jews very much arguing about how best to follow God,
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temple, and Torah.
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And he's also born into a Roman imperial system.
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One last date to put on before we get to Jesus is 37
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BCE.
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37 BCE is when the
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Romans set up Herod,
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a man named Herod as king of
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Israel,
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ruler of Israel.
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This just means the Romans are choosing,
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you know,
12:04
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major political leaders to operate and kind of
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set up shop,
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so to speak,
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within Israel.
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And there's Roman legions all around.
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So even though Jews are allowed to stay Jewish
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and,
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you know, keep the temple,
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they are reminded at every turn that Rome is in
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charge.
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So Jesus is born in 4 BCE.
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This happens to be the same year thereabouts that Herod dies.
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And Herod breaks up different territories
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of Israel to give to a son.
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So his sons have three.
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He has three sons that kind of take over different parts of ancient
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Israel.
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So for our purposes,
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just know Jesus is born 4 BCE.
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Post -Herod the Great,
12:56
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but very much the effects of Herod are still present.
13:00
S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
Post -Hasmonian dynasty,
13:02
S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
the effects of the Hasmonean dynasty are still present.
13:05
S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
And there are specific
13:09
S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
Jewish theologies circulating within
13:14
S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
this ancient Jewish sectarian,
13:16
S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
I don't know,
13:19
S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
state,
13:22
S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
you can say.
13:26
S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
One is this hope for a Messiah.
13:29
S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
There was,
13:33
S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
we can say messianic expectations,
13:36
S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
this hope that a Moshiach or king
13:40
S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
would come to overthrow the powers that be.
13:44
S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
and establish a new kingdom in which the God of Israel would be seen as
13:48
S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
the God of all people.
13:49
S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
So Messiah just means king or anointed one.
13:53
S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
And the Greek for Messiah is
13:57
S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
Christos.
13:59
S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
So the Hebrew is
14:04
S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
Mosheach.
14:06
S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
And Greek...
14:12
S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
is Christos,
14:13
S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
which gets translated to Christ.
14:14
S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
So Jesus is born into a Jewish world in which
14:19
S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
Jews were hoping for a Mosheach,
14:21
S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
a .k .a.
14:23
S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
a Christos.
14:24
S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
Everything in the New Testament is written in
14:28
S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
Greek.
14:28
S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
So when you see...
14:30
S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
people refer to Jesus as a Messiah,
14:33
S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
you are seeing writers tap into this messianic
14:37
S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
expectation using the Greek language.
14:40
S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
Christ is not a last name.
14:41
S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
It is a title.
14:43
S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
Jesus,
14:45
S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
the Christ,
14:46
S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
Jesus, the Messiah.
14:47
S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
So to believe that someone was the Moshiach was to
14:51
S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
believe that he would be the one to overthrow the powers that be
14:55
S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
and usher in a new world order in which the God of Israel would be
14:59
S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
seen as the
15:00
S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
God of all people.
15:00
S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
I say expectations because there were slight nuances about who
15:05
S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
this person might be.
15:06
S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
Some people thought that the Moshiach would take up arms,
15:09
S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
kind of like how the zealots operated.
15:11
S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
Some people thought that Moshiach would have a
15:15
S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
right -hand man who would be a priest.
15:17
S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
Some people,
15:17
S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
you know, thought it would kind of be like a dual job.
15:20
S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
Some people,
15:22
S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
many people thought actually,
15:23
S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
and certainly the writers of the New Testament,
15:25
S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
thought that the Moshiach would be in the line of King David.
15:28
S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
So kind of
15:29
S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
be a reestablishing of Davidic
15:33
S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
glory,
15:34
S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
but more,
15:37
S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
right?
15:37
S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
So it wouldn't just be the Davidic monarchy being reestablished in some kind
15:41
S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
of sense, but rather someone in David's line who would
15:46
S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
usher in a whole new cosmic shift where,
15:50
S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
again, everyone would see that the God of Israel is God.
15:54
S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
So this hope would be like for someone who would come and kind of usher
15:59
S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
in this national project,
16:01
S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
this global Jewish project in which in
16:05
S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
which the globe would really become.
16:08
S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
In a way,
16:09
S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
you could say a Jewish nation where sort of everyone finally got what
16:14
S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
Jews were saying.
16:15
S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
It was a deep,
16:16
S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
deep hope, a deep hope of a marginalized,
16:20
S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
oppressed,
16:21
S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
traumatized community to live in
16:25
S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
a world in which they were no longer.
16:29
S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
traumatized and oppressed over and over and over again.
16:32
S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
They would finally be seen as the center and would be the center.
16:36
S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
So it was this deep,
16:37
S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
deep longing.
16:38
S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
But it seems that some people really truly believed that this
16:42
S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
would happen,
16:43
S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
that a Moshiach would come and overthrow the powers that be to usher
16:47
S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
in a new world order,
16:49
S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
a Jewish world order,
16:51
S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
in which everyone would see that the God of Israel is God.
16:55
S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
Jesus was born into a time in which Jews were hoping
16:59
S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
and thinking about such a Moshiach.
17:05
S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
Another theology that was circulating,
17:08
S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
and as we discussed with regards to 2 Maccabees,
17:11
S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
is resurrection.
17:12
S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
Not everyone believed in resurrection.
17:15
S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
See,
17:16
S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
for example, Sadducees did not believe in bodily resurrection,
17:18
S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
but others did.
17:20
S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
And that was often connected to this messianic expectation
17:25
S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
that in the new world order,
17:28
S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
if you have already died but were righteous,
17:30
S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
you would be resurrected and ushered into
17:34
S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
that new world order.
17:36
S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
So Jesus
17:40
S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
born into a time of hoping for a Moshiach and of Jews thinking
17:44
S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
about resurrection and some believing very much in
17:48
S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
the possibility of bodily resurrection,
17:52
S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
especially in that new world order.
17:55
S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
And that new world order is often also given a name,
17:58
S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
which is,
17:59
S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
I'll put it over here,
18:00
S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
the Messianic Age.
18:02
S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
The age in which,
18:04
S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
you know,
18:05
S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
everything would be sort of centered on
18:10
S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
and oriented toward a Jewish worldview.
18:13
S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
And of course,
18:14
S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
the nuances of what that Jewish worldview would look like changes depending upon the
18:18
S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
text you're reading,
18:19
S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
because different Jews had different opinions about what
18:23
S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
that world would entail and look like and what righteousness entailed,
18:27
S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
etc.
18:31
S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
There are two more,
18:33
S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
I guess,
18:36
S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
concepts I want to put on this whiteboard before we add
18:41
S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
more to our timeline and get specifically to Mark.
18:45
S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
So these two concepts are called Son of Man
18:49
S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
and Son of God.
18:51
S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
So for us today,
18:53
S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
when we see these titles,
18:56
S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
son of man and son of God,
18:58
S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
we might instinctively think,
18:59
S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
okay,
19:00
S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
well, son of man,
19:01
S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
man,
19:02
S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
human, son of a human,
19:03
S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
and son of God,
19:04
S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
divine.
19:05
S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
But when we look at the ancient literature,
19:08
S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
it seems to be reversed,
19:12
S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
the opposite of how we think about it today.
19:14
S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
I'll start with son of God.
19:17
S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
So the title son of God or the description
19:22
S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
of someone as a son of God comes up in
19:27
S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
multiple instances throughout even the Hebrew Bible and into
19:31
S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
the New Testament.
19:32
S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
And it's often used for a human who is
19:36
S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
thought of as having a closeness to the God of Israel.
19:39
S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
So,
19:40
S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
for example, King David.
19:42
S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
is called the son of God.
19:43
S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
Kings in general are sometimes called a son of the God of
19:47
S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
Israel.
19:48
S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
Israel as a nation is called
19:52
S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
a child of God.
19:55
S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
And the people of Israel as a collective are called children of
19:59
S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
God.
20:00
S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
So oftentimes when we see son of God,
20:02
S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
it's actually referring to a human being,
20:06
S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
but used to highlight the specialness of that human or the specialness
20:11
S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
of that collective.
20:11
S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
Son of man comes up in the book
20:15
S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
of Daniel.
20:16
S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
Daniel is likely written around the
20:20
S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
same time period as 2 Maccabees,
20:22
S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
around the Maccabean.
20:25
S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
or slightly post -Maccabean revolts.
20:28
S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
And it's a pushback against Antiochus
20:33
S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
IV, just as Second Maccabees is a pushback against Antiochus IV.
20:37
S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
I should add,
20:38
S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
Daniel seems to have different stages of writing,
20:42
S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
but kind of edited and collected as a whole and targeted in
20:46
S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
its final.
20:49
S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
edition toward Antiochus IV.
20:52
S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
And we didn't have time to read Daniel for this class,
20:55
S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
but I'm raising it now to help us contextualize and make sense of this
21:01
S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
title son of man or description son of man.
21:04
S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
And Daniel as character in the book of Daniel
21:08
S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
is a Jew living in diaspora who
21:15
S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
has the gift of receiving visions
21:19
S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
and reading visions and reading dreams.
21:22
S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
And he has a vision.
21:24
S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
He has multiple visions,
21:27
S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
but one in chapter seven of the book.
21:31
S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
And he's talking about a vision that he saw,
21:35
S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
and I'll read it.
21:35
S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
This is chapter 7,
21:36
S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
and I'm at verse 13.
21:38
S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
He says,
21:40
S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
I'm watching these visions,
21:41
S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
and as I'm doing so,
21:42
S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
I saw one like,
21:44
S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
and our translation says,
21:46
S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
like a human being.
21:47
S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
But the original is really one
21:54
S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
like a son of man.
21:55
S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
Okay,
21:55
S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
that's where the...
21:57
S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
title comes from,
21:58
S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
Son of Man.
21:59
S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
And he came to the Ancient One,
22:02
S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
meaning God,
22:03
S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
and was presented before him.
22:06
S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
To him,
22:07
S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
aka the Son of Man,
22:09
S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
was given dominion and glory and kingship that all peoples,
22:12
S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
nations, and languages should serve him.
22:15
S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
His dominion is an everlasting dominion that shall not pass away,
22:19
S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
and his kingship is one that shall never be destroyed.
22:23
S… Speaker 2 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
Of course,
22:24
S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
it's unclear what the author meant by these lines,
22:28
S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
but what we do know at the very least is that later
22:32
S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
readers of it,
22:33
S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
readers in Jesus' time,
22:35
S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
for example,
22:36
S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
read it through the lens of a messianic expectation,
22:40
S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
read that this figure is coming
22:44
S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
in like the clouds of heaven,
22:45
S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
serving at the right -hand side of God and being given dominion of a new world order.
22:50
S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
That was read as...
22:53
S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
talking about, alluding to some kind of Moshiach.
22:58
S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
And so the idea of a Moshiach being connected to the Son of
23:02
S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
Man became a thing by the time Jesus was
23:06
S… Speaker 1 (June 23 Lecture (Mark Video 1))
living.

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