RECORDED LECTURE 1 - INTRO TO CRIMINOLOGY
Aug 09, 2026 00:31
· 45:41
· captions
འཛམ་གླིང་གི་གནས་ཕྱོགས་
ཡིག་ཆ་འདི་ཕྱི་ཚེས་ ༡༥ ཉིན་མཇུག་བསྡུ་ནི་ཨིན་མས།
གནས་བརྟན་གྱི་གནས་བཞག་གོང་འཕེལ་བཏང། →
བཅོས་མའི་བློ་རིག་དང་མཉམ་དུ་ཡར་རྒྱས་གཏོང་བའི་ཐབས་ལམ་
སྒྲ་དྲི་རོ་རེག་བྱ་སླར་གསོ་ སྒྲ་དྲི་རོ་རེག་བྱ་སླར་གསོ་ སྒྲ་དྲི་རོ་རེག་བྱ་སླར་གསོ་ སྒྲ་དྲི་རོ་རེག་བྱ་སླར་གསོ་ སྒྲ་དྲི་རོ་རེག་བྱ་སླར་གསོ་ སྒྲ་དྲི་རོ་རེག་བྱ་སླར་གསོ་
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སྟོན་རྐྱངམ་ཅིག་
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Good day. We're going to continue with
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Good day. We're going to continue with our discussion. We are now we are now in
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our discussion. We are now we are now in
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our discussion. We are now we are now in this slide with the question when does
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this slide with the question when does
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this slide with the question when does crime exist?
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crime exist?
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crime exist? So in the legal sense class crime exists
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So in the legal sense class crime exists
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So in the legal sense class crime exists when the court has proven the guilty.
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when the court has proven the guilty.
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when the court has proven the guilty. What does that mean? It means that when
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What does that mean? It means that when
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What does that mean? It means that when a person commits a crime
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a person commits a crime
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a person commits a crime crime is not yet committed. Crime will
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crime is not yet committed. Crime will
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crime is not yet committed. Crime will only exist if the court will say that
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only exist if the court will say that
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only exist if the court will say that the person is guilty beyond reasonable
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the person is guilty beyond reasonable
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the person is guilty beyond reasonable doubt. If a person kills a person on purpose,
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doubt. If a person kills a person on purpose,
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doubt. If a person kills a person on purpose, it does not mean that he
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it does not mean that he
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it does not mean that he committed a crime.
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committed a crime.
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committed a crime. The crime has not yet occurred in the
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The crime has not yet occurred in the
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The crime has not yet occurred in the legal sense, it can become a crime if
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legal sense, it can become a crime if
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legal sense, it can become a crime if the court will say that the person who
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the court will say that the person who
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the court will say that the person who committed the crime is guilty beyond
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committed the crime is guilty beyond
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committed the crime is guilty beyond reasonable doubt so maon legal viewpoint
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reasonable doubt so maon legal viewpoint
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reasonable doubt so maon legal viewpoint however in the scientific point of view
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however in the scientific point of view
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however in the scientific point of view crime exists when it is reported so the
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crime exists when it is reported so the
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crime exists when it is reported so the moment a witness reports a crime that is
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moment a witness reports a crime that is
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moment a witness reports a crime that is already considered a crime. This is more
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already considered a crime. This is more
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already considered a crime. This is more realistic but not all reported cases
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realistic but not all reported cases
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realistic but not all reported cases have a sound basis of true happening.
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have a sound basis of true happening.
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have a sound basis of true happening. Some of them are also unfounded. So not
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Some of them are also unfounded. So not
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Some of them are also unfounded. So not all reported
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all reported
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all reported uh crimes are really crimes. No sa
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uh crimes are really crimes. No sa
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uh crimes are really crimes. No sa angana is just pretending.
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angana is just pretending.
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angana is just pretending. So the police needs to investigate to
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So the police needs to investigate to
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So the police needs to investigate to prove that crime really happened. Okay.
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prove that crime really happened. Okay.
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prove that crime really happened. Okay. Now what constitutes a crime? So we have
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Now what constitutes a crime? So we have
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Now what constitutes a crime? So we have five here. Corpus delicte, actos rios,
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five here. Corpus delicte, actos rios,
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five here. Corpus delicte, actos rios, menrea, concurrence, causation and harm.
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menrea, concurrence, causation and harm.
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menrea, concurrence, causation and harm. When you say corpus delic it means the
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When you say corpus delic it means the
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When you say corpus delic it means the body of the crime. So please take down
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body of the crime. So please take down
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body of the crime. So please take down notes of the body of the crime. It is also
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notes of the body of the crime. It is also
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notes of the body of the crime. It is also it also means the elements of an act or
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it also means the elements of an act or
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it also means the elements of an act or elements of the crime.
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elements of the crime.
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elements of the crime. It also means the total
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It also means the total
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It also means the total evidence
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evidence
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evidence recovered at the crime seed
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recovered at the crime seed
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recovered at the crime seed or we call it the totality of evidence
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or we call it the totality of evidence
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or we call it the totality of evidence recovered at the crime seed. And in a
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recovered at the crime seed. And in a
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recovered at the crime seed. And in a crime of robbery and death, it also
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crime of robbery and death, it also
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crime of robbery and death, it also means the actual commission of the
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means the actual commission of the
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means the actual commission of the crime. So corpose delicti has many
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crime. So corpose delicti has many
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crime. So corpose delicti has many meanings. Again the first meaning is the
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meanings. Again the first meaning is the
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meanings. Again the first meaning is the body of the crime. The second meaning is
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body of the crime. The second meaning is
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body of the crime. The second meaning is the elements of the crime. The third
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the elements of the crime. The third
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the elements of the crime. The third meaning is the totality of evidence
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meaning is the totality of evidence
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meaning is the totality of evidence collected. And the last meaning is the
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collected. And the last meaning is the
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collected. And the last meaning is the actual commission of the crime.
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actual commission of the crime.
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actual commission of the crime. Sir, there is an explanation of the body of the
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Sir, there is an explanation of the body of the
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Sir, there is an explanation of the body of the crime for example in a murder
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crime for example in a murder
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crime for example in a murder incident or someone died in a murder
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incident or someone died in a murder
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incident or someone died in a murder crime. So the body of the crime is the
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crime. So the body of the crime is the
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crime. So the body of the crime is the dead body that's the corpus delifting.
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dead body that's the corpus delifting.
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dead body that's the corpus delifting. Okay.
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Okay.
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Okay. How about you talk about the actual
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How about you talk about the actual
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How about you talk about the actual commission of prime in that inf and
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commission of prime in that inf and
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commission of prime in that inf and robbery? What does it mean? It means
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robbery? What does it mean? It means
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robbery? What does it mean? It means that in the crime of robbery the
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that in the crime of robbery the
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corpus delicti was taken from him. The corpose delic or
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corpus delicti was taken from him. The corpose delic or the body of the crime is the act of
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the body of the crime is the act of
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the body of the crime is the act of getting the
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getting the
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getting the thing or the bug or the wallet.
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thing or the bug or the wallet.
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thing or the bug or the wallet. taking your wallet
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taking your wallet
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taking your wallet or your bag or your money is a corpus
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or your bag or your money is a corpus
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or your bag or your money is a corpus delicti, you didn't get money bag
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delicti, you didn't get money bag
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delicti, you didn't get money bag or money okay number two we have act
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or money okay number two we have act
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or money okay number two we have act rios and number three men reya so menya
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rios and number three men reya so menya
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rios and number three men reya so menya gani guilty mind so example you want to
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gani guilty mind so example you want to
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gani guilty mind so example you want to rape someone so you have a guilty mind
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rape someone so you have a guilty mind
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rape someone so you have a guilty mind you want to kill someone you have a
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you want to kill someone you have a
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you want to kill someone you have a guilty mind but mensreya is not enough
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guilty mind but mensreya is not enough
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guilty mind but mensreya is not enough even if you have a guilty mind if there
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even if you have a guilty mind if there
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even if you have a guilty mind if there is no guilty act if there is no act you
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is no guilty act if there is no act you
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is no guilty act if there is no act you are not criminally liable
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are not criminally liable
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are not criminally liable in order for you to be liable
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in order for you to be liable
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in order for you to be liable men reya and actus rios must be done so
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men reya and actus rios must be done so
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men reya and actus rios must be done so you like rapists that's means
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you like rapists that's means
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you like rapists that's means you are reya he is that's act rios guilty act because
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you are reya he is that's act rios guilty act because
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you are reya he is that's act rios guilty act because he is raped like that your parents
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he is raped like that your parents
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he is raped like that your parents means reya naman in your mind
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means reya naman in your mind
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means reya naman in your mind your Mine is guilty because you want to
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your Mine is guilty because you want to
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your Mine is guilty because you want to kill someone but without guilty act if
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kill someone but without guilty act if
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kill someone but without guilty act if you don't kill him there is no actos
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you don't kill him there is no actos
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you don't kill him there is no actos rios crime will not happen okay that's
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rios crime will not happen okay that's
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rios crime will not happen okay that's the difference between
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the difference between
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the difference between men reya and act rios number four is
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men reya and act rios number four is
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men reya and act rios number four is concurrence so first gingonya for a crime
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concurrence so first gingonya for a crime
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concurrence so first gingonya for a crime to happen there must be concurrence
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to happen there must be concurrence
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to happen there must be concurrence uh between act rios and Reya so dapat
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uh between act rios and Reya so dapat
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uh between act rios and Reya so dapat the mental state or the men's reaus
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the mental state or the men's reaus
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the mental state or the men's reaus or the guilty act is there so that the
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or the guilty act is there so that the
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or the guilty act is there so that the criminal intention actuates the criminal act
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criminal intention actuates the criminal act
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criminal intention actuates the criminal act naaan dua sauna guilty ka sa imong
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naaan dua sauna guilty ka sa imong
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naaan dua sauna guilty ka sa imong act giltika crime will happen number
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act giltika crime will happen number
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act giltika crime will happen number five isession that's the reason why a
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five isession that's the reason why a
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five isession that's the reason why a person commits a crime ngong ngawat
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person commits a crime ngong ngawat
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person commits a crime ngong ngawat because of poverty
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because of poverty
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because of poverty why did he rob tempered init ulof
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why did he rob tempered init ulof
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why did he rob tempered init ulof control why did he attack fear influence
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control why did he attack fear influence
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control why did he attack fear influence environment no some neighbors to
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environment no some neighbors to
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environment no some neighbors to manuyupay so that's cession what's the
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manuyupay so that's cession what's the
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manuyupay so that's cession what's the reason why a person commits a crime and
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reason why a person commits a crime and
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reason why a person commits a crime and then harm harm is the negative impact of
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then harm harm is the negative impact of
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then harm harm is the negative impact of the crime on the victim or the general
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the crime on the victim or the general
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the crime on the victim or the general values of the community remember when a
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values of the community remember when a
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values of the community remember when a person commits a crime there are two
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person commits a crime there are two
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person commits a crime there are two victims the primary victim is the person
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victims the primary victim is the person
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victims the primary victim is the person who suffered the injury
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who suffered the injury
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who suffered the injury The secondary victim is the family if
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The secondary victim is the family if
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The secondary victim is the family if the victim diag
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the victim diag
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the victim diag nam vi is the primary victim or the dead
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nam vi is the primary victim or the dead
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nam vi is the primary victim or the dead person is the primary victim the family
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person is the primary victim the family
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person is the primary victim the family who lows one is the secondary victim
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who lows one is the secondary victim
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who lows one is the secondary victim now what's the advantage of crime in
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now what's the advantage of crime in
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now what's the advantage of crime in society according to email or as
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society according to email or as
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society according to email or as class in the theory of anomy
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Crime is important
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Crime is important in a healthy society.
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in a healthy society.
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in a healthy society. Crime is important
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Crime is important
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Crime is important in a healthy society. What does it mean? It's
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in a healthy society. What does it mean? It's
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in a healthy society. What does it mean? It's normal for us to have a healthy society
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normal for us to have a healthy society
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normal for us to have a healthy society or community, so
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or community, so
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or community, so crime happens.
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crime happens.
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crime happens. And according to him, because crime
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And according to him, because crime
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And according to him, because crime happens,
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happens,
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happens, crime always happens in a community.
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crime always happens in a community.
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crime always happens in a community. Does the society become vigilant about what
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Does the society become vigilant about what
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Does the society become vigilant about what happens to the members of the society? Be
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happens to the members of the society? Be
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happens to the members of the society? Be careful, they won't get bail,
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careful, they won't get bail,
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careful, they won't get bail, for example, in a place where
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for example, in a place where
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for example, in a place where theft is prevalent, so you will be more
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theft is prevalent, so you will be more
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theft is prevalent, so you will be more vigilant, don't be careful about the purse,
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vigilant, don't be careful about the purse,
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vigilant, don't be careful about the purse, it creates unity in the society because the
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it creates unity in the society because the
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it creates unity in the society because the majority of the people will agree that
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majority of the people will agree that
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majority of the people will agree that the act
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the act
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the act criminally or is a crime or it is
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criminally or is a crime or it is
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criminally or is a crime or it is illegal so united butang it should beish
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illegal so united butang it should beish
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illegal so united butang it should beish because it is illegal it is wrong it is
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because it is illegal it is wrong it is
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because it is illegal it is wrong it is immoral society decides what behavior
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immoral society decides what behavior
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immoral society decides what behavior must be prohibited we know we all agree
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must be prohibited we know we all agree
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must be prohibited we know we all agree that killing someone is a crime so that's
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that killing someone is a crime so that's
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that killing someone is a crime so that's why there is a law that prohibits
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why there is a law that prohibits
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why there is a law that prohibits killing we know that uh
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killing we know that uh
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killing we know that uh molesting a person is rap so we agree
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molesting a person is rap so we agree
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molesting a person is rap so we agree that that behavior must be prohibited.
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that that behavior must be prohibited.
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that that behavior must be prohibited. So we created a law to make the act
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So we created a law to make the act
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So we created a law to make the act illegal okay or a crime. So advantage in
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illegal okay or a crime. So advantage in
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illegal okay or a crime. So advantage in crime in a society according to Emily
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crime in a society according to Emily
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crime in a society according to Emily Dorim.
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Dorim.
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Dorim. Okay. Then we have the early explanation
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Okay. Then we have the early explanation
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Okay. Then we have the early explanation to the existence of criminality. The
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to the existence of criminality. The
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to the existence of criminality. The first is that the crime is caused by demons
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first is that the crime is caused by demons
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first is that the crime is caused by demons or the demonological theory. That's the
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or the demonological theory. That's the
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or the demonological theory. That's the other term for this theory no that a
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other term for this theory no that a
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other term for this theory no that a person commits a crime because he is
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person commits a crime because he is
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person commits a crime because he is possessed by evil spirits or demons or
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possessed by evil spirits or demons or
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possessed by evil spirits or demons or devils. But this theory is absolute no
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devils. But this theory is absolute no
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devils. But this theory is absolute no he doesn't like the theory anymore because this
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he doesn't like the theory anymore because this
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he doesn't like the theory anymore because this theory is not proven. Okay. The second
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theory is not proven. Okay. The second
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theory is not proven. Okay. The second one is crime is caused by divine will.
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one is crime is caused by divine will.
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one is crime is caused by divine will. Men manifest criminal behavior because
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Men manifest criminal behavior because
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Men manifest criminal behavior because they are sinful to God. So God wants to
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they are sinful to God. So God wants to
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they are sinful to God. So God wants to punish them. We know this because
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punish them. We know this because
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punish them. We know this because remember in Genesis the creation of the
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remember in Genesis the creation of the
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remember in Genesis the creation of the man and the woman uh God gave Adam and
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man and the woman uh God gave Adam and
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man and the woman uh God gave Adam and Eve everything. The only condition he
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Eve everything. The only condition he
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Eve everything. The only condition he wants is uh for Adam and Eve not to eat
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wants is uh for Adam and Eve not to eat
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wants is uh for Adam and Eve not to eat the forbidden fruit. However, uh there
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the forbidden fruit. However, uh there
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the forbidden fruit. However, uh there is temptation and Eve was uh was not
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is temptation and Eve was uh was not
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is temptation and Eve was uh was not able to control her temptation. So
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able to control her temptation. So
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able to control her temptation. So he ate Adam and then
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he ate Adam and then
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he ate Adam and then that's the start of our sins. So God
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that's the start of our sins. So God
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that's the start of our sins. So God punished Adam and Eve. Okay.
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punished Adam and Eve. Okay.
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punished Adam and Eve. Okay. Then we have the three foundation
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Then we have the three foundation
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Then we have the three foundation theories in criminology.
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theories in criminology.
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theories in criminology. You have this in your video playlist. I
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You have this in your video playlist. I
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You have this in your video playlist. I hope you have watched the video playlist
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hope you have watched the video playlist
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hope you have watched the video playlist already. The classical school, the
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already. The classical school, the
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already. The classical school, the oldest, the neoclassical school and the
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oldest, the neoclassical school and the
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oldest, the neoclassical school and the positive school. Let us start with the
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positive school. Let us start with the
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positive school. Let us start with the oldest theory or school in criminology
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oldest theory or school in criminology
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oldest theory or school in criminology and that is the classical school of
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and that is the classical school of
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and that is the classical school of criminology. So there are two founders
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criminology. So there are two founders
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criminology. So there are two founders in this school. We have CAR
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in this school. We have CAR
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in this school. We have CAR also known as Cesar Bonisara
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also known as Cesar Bonisara
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also known as Cesar Bonisara Marchese de Vicaria. So his
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Marchese de Vicaria. So his
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Marchese de Vicaria. So his full name is tall and the second founder is
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full name is tall and the second founder is
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full name is tall and the second founder is Jeremy Bentam. According to these two
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Jeremy Bentam. According to these two
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Jeremy Bentam. According to these two people the basis of criminal liability
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people the basis of criminal liability
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people the basis of criminal liability is human free will and the purpose of
10:22
is human free will and the purpose of
10:22
is human free will and the purpose of penalty is retribution. What does it
10:24
penalty is retribution. What does it
10:24
penalty is retribution. What does it mean? According to these two, people
10:27
mean? According to these two, people
10:27
mean? According to these two, people commit crimes because of free will. the
10:29
commit crimes because of free will. the
10:30
commit crimes because of free will. the person is supposed to commit a crime because
10:32
person is supposed to commit a crime because
10:32
person is supposed to commit a crime because they use some freew
10:35
they use some freew
10:35
they use some freew free will freedom to choose what is
10:37
free will freedom to choose what is
10:37
free will freedom to choose what is right and what is wrong they say you
10:39
right and what is wrong they say you
10:39
right and what is wrong they say you people don't know what is wrong, you don't know if it is
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people don't know what is wrong, you don't know if it is
10:43
people don't know what is wrong, you don't know if it is committed we don't have punishment we
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committed we don't have punishment we
10:48
committed we don't have punishment we also know that if we commit crime there
10:50
also know that if we commit crime there
10:50
also know that if we commit crime there is a consequence there is a
10:53
is a consequence there is a
10:53
is a consequence there is a punishment and the purpose of that
10:56
punishment and the purpose of that
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punishment and the purpose of that punishment or penalty is retribution man
10:58
punishment or penalty is retribution man
10:58
punishment or penalty is retribution man ang retribution
11:06
deserves
11:08
deserves that's what you call retribution when a
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that's what you call retribution when a
11:10
that's what you call retribution when a person commits crime or the person chose
11:13
person commits crime or the person chose
11:13
person commits crime or the person chose to commit crime he deserves to be
11:17
to commit crime he deserves to be
11:17
to commit crime he deserves to be vicarya was punished buton although the
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vicarya was punished buton although the
11:19
vicarya was punished buton although the person deserves to be punished the
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person deserves to be punished the
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person deserves to be punished the punishment
11:24
punishment
11:24
punishment that shall be given to the person should
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that shall be given to the person should
11:26
that shall be given to the person should be commensurate to the crime he
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be commensurate to the crime he
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be commensurate to the crime he committed or we call it let the
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committed or we call it let the
11:31
committed or we call it let the punishment fit the crime. Agreed,
11:35
punishment fit the crime. Agreed,
11:35
punishment fit the crime. Agreed, sir, as the vicar, if the
11:38
sir, as the vicar, if the
11:38
sir, as the vicar, if the crime is serious, the penalty should be severe.
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crime is serious, the penalty should be severe.
11:44
crime is serious, the penalty should be severe. So if you rape or
11:47
So if you rape or
11:47
So if you rape or sell drugs, you are dead, even though the crimes are heavy,
11:51
sell drugs, you are dead, even though the crimes are heavy,
11:51
sell drugs, you are dead, even though the crimes are heavy, so your penalty is heavy. So for
11:54
so your penalty is heavy. So for
11:54
so your penalty is heavy. So for example in rape the penalty of rape is
11:56
example in rape the penalty of rape is
11:56
example in rape the penalty of rape is life imprisonment. The penalty of murder
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life imprisonment. The penalty of murder
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life imprisonment. The penalty of murder is reclusion perpetua or 20 years and
12:02
is reclusion perpetua or 20 years and
12:02
is reclusion perpetua or 20 years and one day to 40 years. But if you commit
12:05
one day to 40 years. But if you commit
12:05
one day to 40 years. But if you commit crimes that are less grave or just a slight
12:09
crimes that are less grave or just a slight
12:09
crimes that are less grave or just a slight offense, for example,
12:13
offense, for example,
12:13
offense, for example, you slap someone on the head,
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you slap someone on the head,
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you slap someone on the head, he's already a minor crime, so for the sake of being
12:18
he's already a minor crime, so for the sake of being
12:18
he's already a minor crime, so for the sake of being slapped with life imprisonment,
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slapped with life imprisonment,
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slapped with life imprisonment, he can't let the punishment
12:23
he can't let the punishment
12:23
he can't let the punishment fit the crime. Okay. The consequence of
12:26
fit the crime. Okay. The consequence of
12:26
fit the crime. Okay. The consequence of the crime should be commensurate
12:30
the crime should be commensurate
12:30
the crime should be commensurate to the crime committed by the person mun
12:33
to the crime committed by the person mun
12:33
to the crime committed by the person mun gingon ni Cesar Bicaria.
12:37
gingon ni Cesar Bicaria.
12:37
gingon ni Cesar Bicaria. The second sentence is that the man is
12:39
The second sentence is that the man is
12:39
The second sentence is that the man is essentially a moral creature. So moral
12:42
essentially a moral creature. So moral
12:42
essentially a moral creature. So moral creatures we know what is right and
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creatures we know what is right and
12:44
creatures we know what is right and what is wrong and we have the obsolete
12:47
what is wrong and we have the obsolete
12:47
what is wrong and we have the obsolete free will to choose what is good and
12:49
free will to choose what is good and
12:49
free will to choose what is good and what is evil.
12:51
what is evil.
12:51
what is evil. Now it depends on choosing
12:54
Now it depends on choosing
12:54
Now it depends on choosing good or evil. This thought is based
12:57
good or evil. This thought is based
12:57
good or evil. This thought is based on the assumption that individuals
12:59
on the assumption that individuals
12:59
on the assumption that individuals choose to commit crimes after weighing
13:01
choose to commit crimes after weighing
13:01
choose to commit crimes after weighing the consequences of their actions.
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the consequences of their actions.
13:03
the consequences of their actions. Example,
13:06
Example,
13:09
your income is 300,
13:12
your income is 300, he is clean.
13:15
he is clean.
13:15
he is clean. Soag
ཡིག་སྒྱུར་འདི་ བཅོས་མའི་བློ་རིག་ (སྒྲ་ངོས་འཛིན་བྱེད་པའི་འཕྲུལ་རིག་) གིས་བཟོ་སྟེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། འཛོལ་བ་འབྱུང་སྲིད་པ་ལ་ — གལ་སྲིད་ཁག་ཆེ་བའི་དོན་ལས་ ངོ་མ་གི་སྒྲ་སྐད་དང་འཕྱད་ཞིབ་འབད་དགོཔ་ཨིན། བཅོས་མའི་བློ་རིག་གི་སྲིད་བྱུས་
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ཡིག་ཆ་འདི་གི་སྐོར་ལ་དྲི་བ་ཅི་རིགས་ཞུས་ནའང་ བཅོས་མའི་བློ་རིག་གིས་ འབྲེལ་བ་ཡོད་པའི་དོན་ཚན་ཚུ་ འཚོལ་ཞིབ་ དང་ལན་འདེབས་ འབད་འོང་།