история англии и сша 2 лекция (2)

0:00

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

Remember last week we stopped at the point

0:04

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

of government,

0:04

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

right?

0:05

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

The

0:09

S… Speaker 2 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

fact that after the conquest,

0:12

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

life became more centralized.

0:14

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

Concerning the legal system,

0:18

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

England at that time,

0:20

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

before the conquest,

0:22

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

had no single system of law.

0:27

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

The laws were different.

0:29

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

Different territories in

0:33

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

England had different customary

0:38

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

laws.

0:39

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

I have already asked that question.

0:41

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

It was mentioned in the textbook that there were...

0:46

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

Customs.

0:47

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

What is a custom?

0:48

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

Abuchi.

0:49

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

So customs were different and people who

0:53

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

lived in a local area logically were familiar with those customs and

0:58

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

they lived under those customary laws

1:03

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

that existed in an area.

1:04

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

Logically,

1:05

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

as customs were kind of regional,

1:08

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

there were regional courts that decided

1:12

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

cases apply in customary law.

1:16

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

So typically there were two main courts in,

1:19

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

original courts in Anglo -Saxon England.

1:22

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

These were Shire courts and

1:27

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

Henry courts.

1:28

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

Now that we know what the difference is between the shire and the hundred,

1:31

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

I believe you can easily guess which court was less important.

1:35

S… Speaker 3 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

Hundred.

1:36

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

Less important.

1:38

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

Hundred court was less important and it dealt with less

1:42

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

important cases that concerned

1:46

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

the territory,

1:46

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

this hundred.

1:47

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

Whereas shire courts were more important,

1:51

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

typically cases were decided by sheriffs.

1:55

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

and bishops in shire courts.

1:58

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

So there was a combination of religion,

2:01

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

people represented the church,

2:05

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

and the sheriff,

2:06

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

they decided most important criminal cases and the most

2:10

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

important civil cases in shire courts.

2:13

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

Is that understandable?

2:14

S… Speaker 4 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

Right.

2:15

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

After the conquest,

2:16

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

there was again no unitary system.

2:20

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

And apart from having customary laws,

2:23

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

there were also new laws of William.

2:26

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

So customary laws existed.

2:29

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

People who lived in England were guided by

2:33

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

customary laws.

2:34

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

But William and his Curia Regis made new Norman

2:38

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

laws.

2:39

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

The example,

2:40

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

once again,

2:40

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

was given in the text,

2:42

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

forest law or forest policy that I mentioned 10

2:46

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

minutes ago,

2:46

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

okay?

2:48

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

So it became even more chaotic because people had to remember

2:52

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

customs and people had to remember that there were some new laws

2:56

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

that they had to respect and they could be punished if they didn't respect

3:00

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

them.

3:00

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

As for courts,

3:02

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

there were still shire courts and hundred courts.

3:06

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

They continued to function because customs existed

3:10

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

and cases were decided there using

3:15

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

the traditional Anglo -Saxon principles.

3:18

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

But as you read in the text,

3:20

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

there was a special privilege given to

3:24

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

churchmen by William the Conqueror.

3:27

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

He separated religious courts and non

3:31

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

-religious courts.

3:32

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

And there appeared a special court where only churchmen

3:37

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

decided cases.

3:38

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

And the name of this court was an ecclesiastical

3:42

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

court.

3:47

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

An ecclesiastical court,

3:49

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

a court where churchmen decided cases and the

3:55

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

law which churchmen applied in this court,

3:58

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

to apply the law means .

4:01

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

So the law that

4:05

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

people applied in this court was called,

4:07

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

someone said this,

4:08

S… Speaker 3 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

canon law,

4:10

S… Speaker 2 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

canon meaning,

4:11

S… Speaker 3 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

so canon law.

4:14

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

It is also mentioned in the text.

4:20

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

So,

4:21

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

there were traditional Anglo -Saxon courts,

4:24

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

they appeared in a new court for churchmen,

4:27

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

so they could be used to decide cases.

4:31

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

And logically,

4:33

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

every respectable feudal,

4:36

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

every respectable senate had the right to

4:40

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

set up his own court.

4:41

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

So there were feudals,

4:43

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

powerful feudals,

4:45

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

and powerful feudals set up,

4:47

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

set up, which is that.

4:50

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

their own courts called feudal courts.

4:53

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

What law did they apply in those courts?

4:56

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

Feudals came from Normandy,

4:58

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

they didn't know.

5:01

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

The problem was that every feudal had his own

5:05

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

views of what was right and what was wrong.

5:09

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

Every feudal had his own rules.

5:12

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

And feudal courts were courts where feudal rules

5:16

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

were applied.

5:18

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

Is that understandable?

5:19

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

So some courts applied customary law,

5:22

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

some courts applied canon law,

5:25

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

some courts applied some feudal rules and principles.

5:29

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

Any questions?

5:30

S… Speaker 3 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

No.

5:31

S… Speaker 2 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

Finally,

5:32

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

though, was the Curia Regis.

5:35

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

We remember that the Curia Regis had judicial power.

5:39

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

And the Curia Regis decided case in applying the

5:43

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

laws and principles of only other people.

5:52

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

Concerning Doomsday Book,

5:54

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

Doomsday Book is the last portion of the previous lecture.

5:58

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

Here I can add nothing

6:02

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

new, let's say.

6:03

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

Because you know that this book was kind

6:07

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

of description of land,

6:09

S… Speaker 2 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

but again,

6:10

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

not of how beautiful the land was,

6:12

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

but what was located there,

6:14

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

how many people lived there,

6:16

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

and who owned that land.

6:18

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

And the main purpose of compiling that text was

6:23

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

to systematize the process of tax collection.

6:26

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

This was extremely important.

6:28

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

William formed a strong government and he

6:32

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

logically needed money.

6:34

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

And this book was important for

6:39

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

fiscal purposes and helped the king to

6:43

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

centralize and systematize it.

6:46

S… Speaker 5 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

Basically,

6:47

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

that's it concerning the previous lecture.

6:50

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

Now we have to discuss England

6:54

S… Speaker 5 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

in the 12th century.

6:56

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

As usual,

7:05

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

I will show the plan.

7:06

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

And while you are getting acquainted

7:12

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

with the plan,

7:13

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

I'm getting acquainted with you.

7:16

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

So those students from group one who

7:20

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

answered questions,

7:22

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

please raise your hands from group one.

7:26

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

So, I'll start to meet you.

7:29

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

I'll meet you with

7:55

S… Speaker 6 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

Erika.

8:25

S… Speaker 4 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

You eat it? No. I ate it.

8:40

S… Speaker 7 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

But, of course, when I was dead.

8:45

S… Speaker 7 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

You don't think I'd be a bad person or a bad person.

8:49

S… Speaker 2 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

I'm still still that I'm still trying to read

8:53

S… Speaker 2 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

some random books.

9:01

S… Speaker 7 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

If you want, I will tell you, don't worry about it.

9:44

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

So let's remember something about children of William

9:48

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

I.

9:48

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

The text stated that William I had

9:52

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

three sons.

9:54

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

One of them was William Rufus.

9:56

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

We have already discussed the fact that he became the king of England.

10:00

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

What about the other two sons?

10:02

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

Can you give me their names?

10:03

S… Speaker 7 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

It

10:07

S… Speaker 7 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

is

10:14

S… Speaker 2 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

not written in the text that he later became the king of Henry I.

10:17

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

It is written then that he got...

10:19

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

What land did he get after his father?

10:26

S… Speaker 2 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

He didn't get land,

10:28

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

he got money.

10:29

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

So Henry was the youngest brother,

10:32

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

and being the youngest brother,

10:34

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

he couldn't expect anything great from his father,

10:37

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

so he received money.

10:38

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

But as it has been correctly stated,

10:41

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

Henry,

10:42

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

the son of William,

10:43

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

became the king of England.

10:45

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

So Henry I is the son of William the Conqueror,

10:48

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

and his reign...

10:52

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

was important because he kept systematizing and

10:56

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

kept developing the government that William established

11:02

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

in 1966 after the

11:06

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

conquest.

11:06

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

So, but before talking about Henry as the king

11:11

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

of England, it is important to you remember how he became

11:15

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

the king of England.

11:16

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

Once again,

11:17

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

he was the third son and theoretically speaking had no chance

11:21

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

to come to power.

11:22

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

And this,

11:25

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

the way he rose to power explains a lot.

11:30

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

Once again,

11:31

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

Henry had two elder brothers.

11:35

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

One was called Robert and Robert was the Duke

11:39

S… Speaker 5 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

of Normandy.

11:39

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

Whereas the second brother was called William the

11:43

S… Speaker 5 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

second Rufus.

11:44

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

Rufus means red hair.

11:46

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

So William Rufus became

11:50

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

the king of England.

11:51

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

Now

11:55

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

what happened to those people?

11:57

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

We'll start with Robert.

11:59

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

Robert was,

12:00

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

once again,

12:01

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

the Duke of Normandy.

12:03

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

As he was the Duke of Normandy,

12:06

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

Normandy was in France.

12:08

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

Logically,

12:10

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

Robert was a vessel of whom?

12:13

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

Whose vessel was he?

12:14

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

Of the King of France.

12:17

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

Robert was the vessel of the King of France because he

12:21

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

was the Duke of Normandy.

12:22

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

As a vessel of the King of France,

12:26

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

at the end of the 11th century,

12:30

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

Robert had to travel to Jerusalem.

12:34

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

Why did Europeans travel to Jerusalem?

12:38

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

What event was that

12:42

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

in English and in Russian?

12:44

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

So he joined

12:48

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

the crusade.

12:50

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

He had to travel to Jerusalem or

12:54

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

he was on a crusade.

12:56

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

Crusade meaning it was Robert.

13:08

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

Don't be afraid to ask questions.

13:11

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

So Robert joined

13:16

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

the crusade at the end of the 11th century.

13:19

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

Logically,

13:21

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

when he...

13:23

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

planned to join the crusade,

13:25

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

he asked his brother William Rufus to control

13:30

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

Normandy in his absence,

13:32

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

because he just couldn't leave Normandy without any control.

13:35

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

So it happened so that at the end of the 11th century,

13:40

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

William Rufus controlled not only England,

13:42

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

but also Normandy to

13:47

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

help his brother.

13:47

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

William Rufus,

13:49

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

by the way,

13:50

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

when did he die?

13:51

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

What was the year?

13:52

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

Can you read it?

13:53

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

1100.

14:08

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

So just remember how to pronounce those

14:12

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

two zeros.

14:13

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

1100.

14:14

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

So in 1100,

14:17

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

William Rufus accidentally died.

14:23

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

It is important to mention that William Rufus was not a very

14:27

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

popular king.

14:28

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

People hated him because

14:32

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

he abused power.

14:34

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

Abused power means...

14:37

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

So he abused power,

14:41

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

collected too much money from the population.

14:44

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

ignored the laws so he was not a very popular king and

14:48

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

in 1100 there was some hunting accident so

14:53

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

he went hunting and there during the hunt he was

14:57

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

accidentally killed

15:02

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

So England was left without the king,

15:05

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

but William Rufus had no family.

15:08

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

He had no wife,

15:10

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

he had no children,

15:12

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

and logically there was immediately a question of who

15:16

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

could become the new king after William

15:20

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

Rufus.

15:20

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

Knowing that he had two brothers,

15:24

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

we can easily understand who had to become the new king.

15:28

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

Who had to become the new king?

15:30

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

Well logically the elder brother had all

15:34

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

moral and legal rights to become the new king of England.

15:38

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

So logically Robert had to come to power.

15:42

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

But ironically Robert was not in Europe

15:46

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

at that moment and Henry was in England at that moment.

15:50

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

And Henry decided to use this chance to gain

15:54

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

power in the country.

15:58

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

So immediately after the death of his brother,

16:02

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

Henry declared himself the new king of England,

16:06

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

just because he was there and Robert was not there.

16:09

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

Well,

16:11

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

logically,

16:13

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

everyone knew that Henry had

16:17

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

no rights to become the king.

16:20

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

And logically Henry also understood that

16:25

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

sooner or later Robert could come back and sooner or later Robert

16:29

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

could claim the throne and claim everything

16:34

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

from Henry.

16:34

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

Is that understandable?

16:35

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

So Henry had one main task when he came

16:40

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

to power.

16:40

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

The task was to become popular,

16:43

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

to make people forget that he was...

16:48

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

the youngest brother that he came to power illegally.

16:52

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

And in order to become popular,

16:56

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

Henry issued a document called the Charter

17:00

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

of Liberties.

17:01

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

At his coronation,

17:04

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

Henry

17:09

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

issued the Charter of Liberties.

17:12

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

Charter means ,

17:15

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

liberties means .

17:24

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

Once again, the document was issued to issue by

17:28

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

the

17:33

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

king in 1100.

17:34

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

And this is not the Great Charter.

17:38

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

Have you heard anything about the Great Charter?

17:40

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

Logically,

17:45

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

it's not the Great Charter because the date is different.

17:47

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

But this is the first document of this type in

17:51

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

England.

17:52

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

So once again,

17:53

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

this document was designed to make the king popular.

17:57

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

Why was it called Charter of Liberties?

18:00

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

Because the king guaranteed liberties,

18:03

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

freedoms,

18:04

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

privileges to the aristocracy.

18:07

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

So this document was designed for barons,

18:11

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

for aristocrats,

18:12

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

to make them loyal to win their support.

18:15

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

What exactly did he guarantee in

18:19

S… Speaker 6 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

this document?

18:20

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

He guaranteed or promised not to collect

18:24

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

heavy taxes to be better than his brother.

18:27

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

What is a heavy tax?

18:30

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

Не тяжелый.

18:33

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

Высокий.

18:34

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

Налоги в английском heavy.

18:36

S… Speaker 5 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

Значит,

18:36

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

высокий.

18:37

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

Remember,

18:39

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

his brother was not popular and collected too much money.

18:42

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

He promised to be better than his brother and not to collect

18:46

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

heavy taxes.

18:47

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

He also promised...

18:50

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

To respect the laws.

18:52

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

Again, his brother ignored the laws.

18:54

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

He promised to respect the laws.

18:56

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

Especially the laws of William the Conqueror.

18:59

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

And Edward the Conqueror promised

19:08

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

not to oppress his nation.

19:11

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

Or again,

19:12

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

the parents.

19:13

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

What is oppression?

19:14

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

Not to oppress,

19:18

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

meaning that parents could enjoy stability,

19:20

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

predictability,

19:23

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

some understandable principles,

19:25

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

so that they could live freely in England.

19:28

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

So again,

19:32

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

he promised to be very,

19:33

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

very nice.

19:34

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

One more important promise that he

19:38

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

made.

19:39

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

Now, those people who joined his army and who did military

19:43

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

service, what is to do military service?

19:45

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

So

19:51

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

if they joined his army and did military service,

19:54

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

he promised not to collect any payments from them.

19:58

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

So they were free.

20:00

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

to pay certain taxes join the

20:04

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

army be obedient fight together with the king

20:08

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

and the king will not ask you to give

20:13

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

extra money and logically he made the

20:17

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

same promise to the church he promised not to confiscate

20:21

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

anything extra from the church and not to confiscate the revenue

20:25

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

of the church revenue meaning

20:47

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

So Henry signed this document and

20:51

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

actually at the beginning of his reign he really kept

20:56

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

the promises.

20:57

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

and people started to enjoy stability and logically

21:01

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

they understood that Henry was a good king and

21:06

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

logically when Robert came back and he did come

21:11

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

back from Jerusalem when Robert came back

21:15

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

and even tried well

21:17

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

he logically tried to become the king of england but he first tried to return

21:22

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

his normandy back henry didn't give him normandy and

21:26

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

henry decided to fight against his brother can you guess who

21:30

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

was more successful henry b it was more successful people

21:35

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

surprisingly for robert people supported henry uh

21:39

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

surprisingly for robert

21:42

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

Well, some people logically supported Robert because he had all legal rights to

21:46

S… Speaker 2 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

become the king.

21:46

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

But more and more people supported Henry.

21:49

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

Robert was captured and was imprisoned.

21:53

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

And he died being the prisoner of Henry I.

21:56

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

So that's it.

21:58

S… Speaker 5 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

And Robert died.

21:59

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

When did Robert die?

22:01

S… Speaker 6 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

34.

22:01

S… Speaker 2 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

All right.

22:03

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

So you understand.

22:05

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

yes he died uh he lived nearly all the during

22:09

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

the whole reign of henry the first being his prisoner um so

22:14

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

um that's it but the moment henry

22:18

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

removed the uh threat of some

22:23

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

attack from his brother,

22:24

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

Henry logically started ignoring the Charter of Liberties.

22:28

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

So the Charter of Liberties was used by Henry

22:33

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

at the beginning of his reign,

22:34

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

but was kind of forgotten at the end of his

22:38

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

reign. So if at the beginning he kept the promises,

22:41

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

at the end of his reign he felt free.

22:44

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

To ignore it,

22:46

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

people started to forget about the existence of this document and

22:50

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

people forgot about this document for about

22:54

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

a century.

22:56

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

A century later some

23:00

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

barons who decided to write another document remembered

23:06

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

the Charter of Liberties of Henry I and borrowed some

23:10

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

ideas from Henry's Charter to write the Great

23:15

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

Charter of Liberties.

23:16

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

So the role of this document is to

23:20

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

be the basis for the Great Charter of Liberties.

23:24

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

Because the Great Charter of Liberties,

23:26

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

again, was a document with promises or with some limitations of king's

23:30

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

power.

23:30

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

Is that understandable?

23:31

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

Yeah.

23:32

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

Right.

23:32

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

Henry's relations with the church.

23:35

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

At the

23:49

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

beginning of Henry's reign,

23:50

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

the church supported the king.

23:54

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

I guess you understand why.

23:57

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

due to the existence of the Charter of Liberties and due

24:02

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

to the loyalty of the king.

24:03

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

But nearly at the same time,

24:05

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

soon after the coronation,

24:07

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

soon after 11th century,

24:08

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

the church started to express its desire to

24:12

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

become independent.

24:13

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

And Henry ran into

24:18

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

the confrontation with his

24:22

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

Archbishop Anselm.

24:34

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

So what did Anselm hate

24:38

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

about the relations of the church and state?

24:41

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

Anselm hated the fact that churchmen were vessels.

24:45

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

and that they had to obey the king.

24:47

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

Ansel wanted English churchmen to be independent

24:51

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

from the king.

24:52

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

He didn't want to pay taxes,

24:54

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

he didn't want to do military service,

24:56

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

he didn't want to kneel,

24:58

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

kneel,

25:00

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

to respect the king and logically Henry

25:05

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

did not support Anselm in his struggle

25:09

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

for independence Anselm had to run away from England because

25:14

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

of Henry's anger and after

25:20

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

the threat

25:22

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

After the threat.

25:23

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

Threat means?

25:24

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

That Henry could be excommunicated.

25:28

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

Excommunicated meaning So there

25:32

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

was a danger for Henry to be excommunicated because of

25:36

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

this conflict.

25:37

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

Henry decided to reach an agreement with the church.

25:41

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

In 1107,

25:44

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

a compromise agreement was reached because

25:50

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

Henry was afraid of excommunication.

26:03

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

This means that both sides

26:07

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

of parties gained something in this compromise.

26:11

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

So what did the king gain?

26:13

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

The king still received taxes

26:17

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

from the church.

26:18

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

Churchmen were still king's vessels and

26:22

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

here the king got the right to get

26:26

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

money from the church and get military support from the church.

26:30

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

On the other hand,

26:32

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

so on the one hand,

26:33

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

the king continued to control churchmen as vassals and

26:38

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

continued to receive money from the church.

26:41

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

On the other hand,

26:43

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

the king lost the right to appoint

26:48

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

or impeach bishops,

26:50

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

archbishops,

26:51

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

abbots, etc.

26:52

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

So the king could no longer remove or appoint

26:57

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

churchmen the way he liked.

27:00

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

This was something that the church gained out of

27:04

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

that conflict.

27:05

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

So church became a little bit independent because

27:10

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

churchmen were now,

27:11

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

had now the right to decide

27:15

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

themselves who to nominate as the new archbishop or

27:19

S… Speaker 5 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

the new bishop.

27:20

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

Is that understandable?

27:21

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

So this was the first step to the church independence

27:25

S… Speaker 1 (история англии и сша 2 лекция (2))

at that time.

история англии и сша 2 лекция (2)

Diverradenn

Goulenn ouzh an AI diwar- benn an treuzwel- mañ