история англии и сша 2 лекция (2)

46:49 8 Speaker 21 Kapitel 893 Segmenter

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Kapitel 1: Remember last week we stopped at the point of government, right? 95s · Speaker 1

Remember last week we stopped at the point of government, right? The fact that after the conquest, life became more centralized. Concerning the legal system, England at that time, before the conquest, had no single system of law. The laws w…
1:35

Kapitel 2: Hundred. Less important. 155s · Speaker 3

Hundred. Less important. Hundred court was less important and it dealt with less important cases that concerned the territory, this hundred. Whereas shire courts were more important, typically cases were decided by sheriffs. and bishops in …
4:10

Kapitel 3: canon meaning, so canon law. 155s · Speaker 2

canon meaning, so canon law. It is also mentioned in the text. So, there were traditional Anglo -Saxon courts, they appeared in a new court for churchmen, so they could be used to decide cases. And logically, every respectable feudal, every…
6:46

Kapitel 4: Basically, that's it concerning the previous lecture. 68s · Speaker 5

Basically, that's it concerning the previous lecture. Now we have to discuss England in the 12th century. As usual, I will show the plan. And while you are getting acquainted with the plan, I'm getting acquainted with you. So those students…
7:55

Kapitel 5: Erika. You eat it? 68s · Speaker 6

Erika. You eat it? No. I ate it. But, of course, when I was dead. You don't think I'd be a bad person or a bad person. I'm still still that I'm still trying to read some random books. If you want, I will tell you, don't worry about it.
9:44

Kapitel 6: So let's remember something about children of William I. 115s · Speaker 1

So let's remember something about children of William I. The text stated that William I had three sons. One of them was William Rufus. We have already discussed the fact that he became the king of England. What about the other two sons? Can…
11:39

Kapitel 7: of Normandy. 301s · Speaker 5

of Normandy. Whereas the second brother was called William the second Rufus. Rufus means red hair. So William Rufus became the king of England. Now what happened to those people? We'll start with Robert. Robert was, once again, the Duke of …
16:40

Kapitel 8: to power. 99s · Speaker 1

to power. The task was to become popular, to make people forget that he was... the youngest brother that he came to power illegally. And in order to become popular, Henry issued a document called the Charter of Liberties. At his coronation,…
18:19

Kapitel 9: this document? 206s · Speaker 6

this document? He guaranteed or promised not to collect heavy taxes to be better than his brother. What is a heavy tax? Не тяжелый. Высокий. Налоги в английском heavy. Значит, высокий. Remember, his brother was not popular and collected too…
21:46

Kapitel 10: become the king. 301s · Speaker 2

become the king. But more and more people supported Henry. Robert was captured and was imprisoned. And he died being the prisoner of Henry I. So that's it. And Robert died. When did Robert die? 34. All right. So you understand. yes he died …
26:48

Kapitel 11: or impeach bishops, archbishops, abbots, etc. 230s · Speaker 1

or impeach bishops, archbishops, abbots, etc. So the king could no longer remove or appoint churchmen the way he liked. This was something that the church gained out of that conflict. So church became a little bit independent because church…
30:38

Kapitel 12: хотя там So how did two audits? 102s · Speaker 7

хотя там So how did two audits? Two audits sheriff's activities, the exchequer compared doomsday book and pipe rolls. Two audits. Sheriff exchequer compared two documents. Doomsday book, you know what doomsday book is. And a pipe roll. A pi…
32:20

Kapitel 13: Is that understandable? 121s · Speaker 8

Is that understandable? One of the most important improvements in central government were improvements in the judicial sphere. And again here we can say that Henry continued the tradition of his father. His father, William the Conqueror, ch…
34:22

Kapitel 14: but they didn't know the laws. 112s · Speaker 2

but they didn't know the laws. How did they decide cases? Well, first they decided cases just using some logic. So what they believed was logical was the decision. Do you understand? And then when they traveled, in the process of traveling …
36:15

Kapitel 15: at that time. 103s · Speaker 3

at that time. Next, some words about Henry II. Did Henry II come to power immediately after the death of Henry I? About 20 years. About, yes, 20 years, 19 to be more precise. These are years of reign. So Henry II was the grandson of Henry I…
37:58

Kapitel 16: but nearly, as you see, half of France at that time. 111s · Speaker 2

but nearly, as you see, half of France at that time. um under his control due to some family ties he received some land from his father uh from his wife and so on and so forth just remember that because it's important for the future lecture…
39:49

Kapitel 17: main groups. 117s · Speaker 4

main groups. One group was called Justices at Westminster or Justices on the Bench. So the first group was called justices at Westminster or justices on the bench. What is Westminster? It's a territory within London. It's a region, let's sa…
41:46

Kapitel 18: Well, logically, to make it more systematic, these two groups had regular meetings. 66s · Speaker 6

Well, logically, to make it more systematic, these two groups had regular meetings. So from time to time they had to meet to discuss new cases, new precedents, to remove some unnecessary precedents, to add something new. And through such di…
42:53

Kapitel 19: Do you understand? 111s · Speaker 8

Do you understand? So common law at that time meant a combination of customs and cases. Once again, this is only for the 12th century. or maybe for the 13th century, when common law, общее право, meant precedence, cases, plus some customs, …
44:46

Kapitel 20: Do you understand? 73s · Speaker 2

Do you understand? So this was a traditional type of investigation. If it was not clear who committed the crime. What is an ordeal in Russian? There was battle. Alright, what did Henry do? He declared suddenly that ordeals were unfair and h…
45:59

Kapitel 21: precession, when 12 people were invited to listen and decide if they thought a man was guilty or if they thought a man was. 46s · Speaker 5

precession, when 12 people were invited to listen and decide if they thought a man was guilty or if they thought a man was... The decision was made in 1166 and described in a document called Assise of Clarendon. In Russian, this is called C…